The Appeal of Research Paper Topics Computer Information Systems

The Appeal of Research Paper Topics Computer Information Systems Early findings reveal that organisations are sometimes not clear about how they are likely to use the data collected. As a company owner you have to be mindful of how painful it's to collect substantial volumes of information that is spread over presentations, reports and spreadsheets. The data might be structured or unstructured. It's possible to collect and analyze data from several sources and have them documented in a sense that's simple to comprehend and apply so you can take your company forward in an effective way. Maintaining spiritual purity is crucial for the entire system of the body. The degree of information needed for each level varies. The issue of mutability isn't an incompatibility with Functional Programming, it's incompatibility with information in general especially information that's shared a good deal over unreliable networks. Internet Censorship A debatable topic depending on the inform ation flow over the web. The Fight Against Research Paper Topics Computer Information Systems You will need to reveal the readers that you master of this issue and not a confused newbie who doesn't understand what he or she's referring to. To be able to go for an intriguing topic, which will demonstrate your very best talents, you ought to keep reading. There are different elements of writing that you need to put into account. There are instances when you're assigned with the topic but more frequently, you'll have to create a topic on your own. Research Paper Topics Computer Information Systems Ideas Second, it's absolutely vital that you keep an off-site copy too. In case the information on the disk is significant to you, make sure that you have more than 1 copy of it. You have to understand completely that you're not writing a descriptive essay. The introduction must capture your intentions and provide the reader what to anticipate from your paper. The same is true for writing. Research can uncover the history of specifying the reason for death, along with historic methodologies used to recognize certain causes. The professor is going to have some funding for a specific problem or task, and (while there can be some wiggle room), you pretty much have to concentrate on that. Computer science is about finding an issue and deciding on the ideal way to fix that issue utilizing programming languages. The Basic Facts of Research Paper Topics Computer Information Systems If you like science, you're guaranteed to talk non-stop about it. Computer science is just one of the quickest growing areas of study. It is a unique field and as such, it is not easy coming up with topics for academic papers. It evolves almost every day. Privacy issue is also becoming concern for the IS professionals and they're attempting to make sure the security of the info. Pharmaceutical tablets are thought to lead to more ailments. Effective implementation of information technology would decrease liability by decreasing the price of expected failures and boost flexibility by lowering the expense of adjustment. You may also become several discounts on our site which will help you to save some more money for future orders or anything you want to spend them on. The information necessary to them mostly is on a daily basis. Hence, storage or sharing of private information is now done on the web. Small businesses generally should buy software packages, and might want to contract with IT businesses that provide services like hosting, marketing web websites and maintaining networks. If you need a term paper written for you, you don't need to part with a great deal of money. Basically, designing and arranging information in such a manner that it's simpler to understand by the men and women who are supposed to utilize it. So there are various things to get on whenever you're at a show. Quite simply, you'll be in a position to use tailor-made business that's apt for your line of work. Things You Won't Like About Research Paper Topics Computer Information Systems and Things You Will This computer software is quite useful and also at the identical time very powerful. Improvements in telecommunications will ensure it is simpler to control business units dispersed over different regions of the world. In some instances the data have to be input to computers using devices like keyboards and scanners. With this kind of scenario's internet security is vital to secure critical personal details. You must write a minumum of one research paper in a semester for a lot of the subjects. Students lead busy lives and frequently forget about a coming deadline. Actually, they will probably get a better idea of what they want to pursue as a career as they get further into their studies. Before entering an institution or program a student should get in touch with an advisor and verify precisely what is required to make a degree. The Fundamentals of Research Paper Topics Computer Information Systems Revealed So far as the design of the website goes, it's very wordy! More information about the methodology can be located on the U.S. News site. If you're confused with a selection of interesting topics to research online, it's much better to choose what interests you the most. Thus, it's required to change information architecture in order to adapt to our ever-growing needs.

Essay Conclusion Tips

Essay Conclusion TipsA conclusion essay is an important part of a high school or college application. It will determine whether or not your essay is read by the admissions committee. This is especially true if you are applying to selective schools, which expect a comprehensive, well-structured essay. If you don't write one, you won't get in.The admission committee is going to read your application and ask questions about it, the first thing they want to know is where the letter was written, the last thing they want to hear is that you just wrote it on your own. The letter is the single most important element of your application. If your letter isn't complete and coherent, it will show.Writing a conclusion essay is fairly easy. It is important to clearly state your position on an issue, but it should also be clear and succinct. The end of the essay should make a strong statement and then follow it up with your reasoning for your position. The document is complete when you have answere d all the admissions committee's questions and have made the admissions officer realize how much they need you.Before you begin writing your application documents, think about what you want to say. For example, if you are trying to explain why your feelings about what you are applying for are different from others who are applying, the conclusion to your essay is going to be important. Your writer must be able to give a convincing reason for why you feel that way. The purpose of the conclusion is to let admissions personnel know that you know what you are doing.You should always come with a unique perspective, but you must do it in a way that is completely believable. It is always best to approach your conclusions in a way that is logical and relates to both the application as a whole and the essay itself. Just because you want to have a different perspective doesn't mean you should use logic. It may seem like common sense to you, but it could be that the other applicants simply hav e a better perspective.Remember that it is the application that will be read, not the conclusion essay. It is best to come with a different perspective, but still relate it to the applicant, rather than trying to convince the committee that they are right and you are wrong. The conclusion essay is meant to support the rest of the application, and nothing more. If you try to persuade the committee that you are the only applicant who has the ability to understand the issues, they will simply write you off as someone who does not understand the process.Never go with a strong statement, especially one that goes against the grain of the curriculum, as this can have a bad outcome. A very common example of this is that your topic may be something you love but it will negatively affect your grade point average or even your final grade. This is just the fact of life. Don't think that you can get away with something that could be perceived as being bad for you.Finally, remember that you can n ot be writing the essay just for yourself. By providing information to the admissions office, you are giving them something that they cannot get from their competitors. They are there to evaluate and assess these people. You are there to provide information to them so they can make a determination. If you give the best possible conclusion essay you can, you can get into a private and safe area, or at least to a level of security that will make it difficult for others to see your answers.

APA Cover Page College Essay - 6 Tips For Writing an APA Cover Page College Essay

APA Cover Page College Essay - 6 Tips For Writing an APA Cover Page College EssayIf you are trying to write an APA Cover Page College Essay, it can be a daunting task. However, if you follow a few tips, you will have no problem coming up with some really good one's. You just need to be aware of a few things to get started.First of all, when you are trying to write an APA Cover Page College Essay, it is important that you find a topic for the paper that you know well. There are many different topics that you can choose from, but keep in mind that you will be writing on a deadline. Your topic should be something that you are familiar with or at least that has a name to it, so that you know how to explain it and how to sell it.Second, when you are trying to write an APA Cover Page College Essay, you will need to make sure that you go through the entire draft of the paper several times. It is sometimes helpful to take notes during the process, especially when you have questions about wha t is going on in the paper. If you are having trouble coming up with ideas, you can always draw a rough draft for the paper, as well as figure out the points that you need to make.Third, when you are trying to write an APA Cover Page College Essay, it is also important that you outline your points. You may find that you do not have the greatest ability to tell a story when you are writing, but this does not mean that you have to force yourself to tell a story. Instead, it is important that you outline your points so that you will be able to build the better story.Fourth, another thing that you can do when you are trying to write an APA Cover Page College Essay is to hire someone to help you out. This can be a really great idea, especially if you need someone to proofread the paper. You may be able to find a ghostwriter on the Internet who will be willing to proofread the paper for you. You will be able to get a lot of help, but make sure that you are also getting a true representati ve of the people who are writing the paper.Fifth, when you are trying to write an APA Cover Page College Essay, it is important that you take the time to talk with others who are writers as well. Make sure that you talk with some of your professors as well. When you do this, you will be able to get a lot of different tips for writing a great college essay.Sixth, when you are trying to write an APA Cover Page College Essay, try to come up with a plan that you can follow. This is going to be your path for the entire semester, so make sure that you stick to it. It can sometimes be helpful to use a planner as well, so that you will know where you are going as you go.These are a few tips that you can use when you are trying to write an APA Cover Page College Essay. It can be really helpful to read the APA style manual to get a little bit of a head start on how to write a great paper. Remember, the first draft is the worst, so if you have any trouble coming up with an idea, you will want to start off slowly.

Admissions Essay Examples

Admissions Essay ExamplesCollege essay admission examples can be very helpful in making a good essay and are a perfect way to write a good essay for college. You have to write your own essay to get into college, so it is not going to be too easy. But there are a lot of ways that you can apply to write an admission essay examples are just one way to do this. There are other ways to write, but you can still find a lot of examples online and in books.You need to write the essay based on your interests. Some of the examples for essays include, technical writing, history, literature, language arts, and physics. The type of essay that you want to write depends on what you want to do in college. For example, if you want to major in engineering, you will want to find a lot of examples for engineering essays. There are a lot of books that will give you tips and advice on how to go about writing an essay, but I will be doing more articles about this in the future.One thing to look for when sea rching for college essay examples is to make sure that they have examples. The examples can be quite detailed and you may want to read through each one before you submit your essay. You want to make sure that you find an example that is tailored to your particular needs. If you know what it is that you want to say, look at examples that will help you along the way.You will find many different college essay admissions examples. These include different types of essays like factual essays, analytical essays, fiction essays, and so forth. The hardest part is to find the one that best fits your needs.You may also find some college admission essay examples at websites that teach people how to write essays. These are written by experts in the field who have years of experience with what they do. They have to come up with a bunch of examples that people can use to create their own essay.There are some excellent sites that will teach you to write essays based on a series of exercises that wi ll show you exactly what to do to get the best results from your essay. Some of these are offered free and others will cost you a fee. Either way, it is well worth it.College essay admission examples can be found online. You will need to research to find these materials and then choose the best ones that are available. Don't let yourself get stuck on an idea or think that there is only one right way to do something.

International market segmentation (economics, national culture and time) Essay Example

International market segmentation (economics, national culture and time) Essay International market cleavage Economicss, national civilization and clip European Journal of marketing vol. 48 No.7/8, 2014 pp. 1209-1293 We will write a custom essay sample on International market segmentation (economics, national culture and time) specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on International market segmentation (economics, national culture and time) specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on International market segmentation (economics, national culture and time) specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In this essay I propose to critically measure the above research paper: â€Å"International market cleavage ( economic sciences, national civilization and clip ) † published late in the European Journal of Marketing. The paper aims to look into the influence, economic and cultural factors have individually and in combination over international state cleavage and besides seek to uncover the stableness of these factors and state sections over clip. Cleavage can be described as the scheme of spliting market in homogeneous group ( Goyat, 2011 ) . The growing of planetary competition has established international cleavage as a cardinal issue in developing, positioning and merchandising merchandises throughout the universe ( Ter Hofstede et al. , 1999 ) quoted by ( Budeva and Mullen, 2014 ) . International cleavage has therefore become a cardinal extension of the traditional selling construct, as deficiency of acquaintance with diverse foreign environments tends to take to generalisation of demand status in abroad market. This can organize national stereotypes. Thus a policy of cleavage will assist relieve jobs originating from such misconceptions, as it acknowledges the magnitude and relevancy of differences and similarities between foreign states. However ( Budeva and Mullen, 2014 ) suggests that if a company can accomplish competitory advantage as a consequence of planetary standardisation, a â€Å"standardization oriented approach† is in order. International cleavage besides provides a figure of advantages from the organisation point of position, one of it being that organisations find it easier to come in states in the same bunch in which they have been successful ( Budeva and Mullen, 2014 ) Therefore if one accepts this premiss, the inquiry is non whether to section the international market but when to section and how to section ( what footing for cleavage should be considered ) ( Wind and Douglas, 1972 ) . In the evaluated research paper a longitudinal analysis ( 1990-1999 ) is undertaken and as a consequence, supply an penetration into whether economic A ; cultural features change overtime. The influences of economic and cultural factors are examined individually, and so combined. The survey includes economic and cultural variables for 30 states measured at two periods ( 1990-1999 ) . The research is designed to capture the effects of state specific variables on section rank and alterations overtime to measure our hypotheses. Hypothesiss of the research are mentioned in the undermentioned paragraphs. The writer argues, when companies enter new markets research on economic development entirely can non adequately predict firm’s opportunities of success in these markets. The viability of this statement can be supported by the fact that economic development of a state is merely an index of its populations purchasing capacity and what should be the monetary value scope of the merchandises marketed in that specific state nevertheless the consumer penchants and rational/motivation behind consumer’s merchandise choice is ignored. Neither do consequences of research undertaken with lone economic development as a base can assist organisations plan or choose selling schemes for their merchandise in that market. As a consequence the success of the house can non be predicted accurately. Therefore, it is of import that alternatively of state cleavage based wholly on economic informations or wholly on cultural informations, we combine the two in general cleavage model. Therefore t he first two hypotheses are: H1 Country sections formed from purely economic variables will be different than state sections formed with purely cultural variables. H2 Country sections formed from economic and cultural variables will ensue in different sections than those formed from either economic or cultural variables entirely. The consequence of this research indicates that both hypotheses H1 and H2 are found to be true. Hypotheses1 can be confirmed as when economic factor entirely is taken into consideration USA has a different section and does non portion this section with any other state nevertheless, when civilization is made the base of cleavage USA. Is clustered with other states such as Canada, Austria, Ireland and Italy. The bunch alterations for many states included in the survey, while switching the footing of cleavage from economic factors to civilization. H2 is besides found to be true and can be confirmed by the fact that while states were evaluated individually on economic growing and civilization a 4 four section solution appeared to be most appropriate for the same set of states whereas when evaluated in combination a six bunch solution seems to be most appropriate. Besides the construction of the sections is different from solutions based merely on economic or cultural variables. Another statement made by the writer is that states differ in economic development but they are non inactive. Example of China is given to back up this statement. This statement in my point of view is really strong as explained by the writer by giving china’s illustration, that states may see rapid alterations in economic indexs such as GDP ( it jumped from 3 % in 1990 to 9 % in the undermentioned twelvemonth and once more jumped to 14 % in 1992. This statement can be verified non merely by looking at fluctuating GDP rates of China but besides of many other universe economic systems with fluctuating GDP rates such as India. The writer argues that civilization alterations as a effect of economic development, and some states develop faster than others ( Budeva and Mullen, 2014 ) . However this statement in my point of position is non wholly true as in my sentiment non merely civilization gets influenced by economic development but civilization besides influences economic development. As a state which scores high on self look in comparing to endurance will by and large hold a batch more little investors and enterprisers will be much more willing to take hazards to raise themselves to a criterion of better life thereby forcing the wheel of economic growing in that state. However a state driven by more traditional cultural values will look for safety in every investing and concern dealing they make, and as a consequence may non take appropriate timely hazards and may free out on chances to increase net income borders. In support of my statement â€Å"The extent of corruptness besides varies aggressively bet ween different states and different fiscal civilizations, and this can do profound difference to economic performance.† ( Sen, 2008 ) . Amartya sen in his article civilization and development besides talks about a great sociologist Max Webber’s thesis on the important function of Protestants moralss on in the successful development of a capitalist industrial economic system. The writer besides assumes, people will be more immune to cultural alterations than economic development the 3rd hypotheses is: H3 Changes in economic development will ensue in motion of states across sections more frequently than alterations in national civilization. The consequences of this research finds this hypotheses to be true as a seeable alteration in state bunch can be seen over the decennary based on economic development as the bases of cleavage. Shifts in state constellating with economic growing, as base is much more in comparing to constellating on the bases of civilization. The writer argues that civilization may alter easy, in incremental stairss but it does alteration. The writer argues that alteration in civilization is triggered by the economic system. In the last hypotheses of this research the writer assumes that with the economic development, civilization besides changes, and this leads to reconstituting in sections that we obtain from one period to the other, based on this the concluding hypotheses of this research is: H4 Countries that move from developing economic systems to higher income position will see cultural alterations ensuing in changed cleavage forms. The consequences of this research shows that merely two states show a displacement in state constellating based on cultural factors whereas for state constellating based on economic factors there were a batch more alterations. Thus we can state that cultural factors change really easy in comparing to economic factors. Besides the two states Czech democracy and Spain which changed state sections moved off from economically backward state and became portion of bunchs of economically advanced states illustration Spain joins the section with other European states. As these two states moved from less developed state bunch to a good developed one economically a considerable displacement can be seen in there constellating with civilization as the bunch base. This proves the above stated hypotheses. The sample used in this research paper by the writer includes states surveyed by WVS in both 1990-1991 moving ridge and 1999-2001. The initial sample covered a sum of 34 states but three of them were eliminated due to losing informations and besides west Germany and east Germany is treated as one. The sample used in my sentiment is thorough in itself and can besides be assessed by looking at the consequences of this research paper as it includes states runing variedly in economic development with gross national income ( GNI ) per capita ranging from 380 dollars ( India ) to Sweden with GNI 34,280 dollars. The sample is non merely thorough of economically varied states but besides covers a full spectrum culturally varied 1s ; it covers states all the manner from Japan and Sweden which score high on secular rational values to states like Ireland and Chile. However, one can reason though the study samples used in the WVS survey’s is big and thorough but the figure of states s a whole is little. The writer tries to warrant his pick of utilizing this little figure of states due to fiting demands across two periods and losing informations. Thus we can state that the sample used in this research paper is equal and good informed about the assorted dimensions. But it is deserving giving a idea that had the figure of states used in this research been much more than it is right now, what consequence it would had on the current findings of the research? Is at that place a possibility that some of the hypotheses in the research would hold been dismissed? From the above analysis of the research article we can state that it covers merely a little figure of states due in this research can be seen as one of the restrictions of this research. Besides as secondary beginning of information is used to transport out this research the fact that handiness of economic informations of the states is much more in comparing to the cultural informations and no specific step is present to verify whatever sum of cultural informations is available, could hold lead to some divergences in the consequences of this research matching to the usage of civilization as the base of state bunch. Besides this there is a deficiency of theoretical bases to steer the choice of variables and development of sections. And in conclusion categorization of states on the footing of state sections provides really weak indexs of marketing behaviour in a state. ( Wind and Douglas, 1972 ) . This is because every person is different and generalisation of consumers so widely on the footing of state can supply merely a glance of the expected consumer behaviour in that state. On the other manus this research has some really positive penetrations First, this research makes it possible to prove whether cultural values alter under the influence of certain environmental forces such as economic development. Second, this research piece fills the spread in old literature. The writer explains in the literature reappraisal that traditional researches on international selling cleavage have been criticized for concentrating on economic and cultural variables individually and non on both together. â€Å"a successful cleavage program must bring forth market sections which meet the four basic criteria† sustainability is one of them ( Goyat, 2011 ) . The longitudinal analysis of this research has the possible to cover the sustainability of these two factors and besides tests the kineticss of these two factors overtime. Besides this research peace examines market cleavage utilizing both these bases together and besides tries to happen a nexus between the two. Third, critically it can be stated that demographic may turn out as good bases of cleavage but the mind of the consumers play a important function in finding consumer behaviour. Something to believe about Every consumer has particular demands from the merchandises and services he/she consumes. Segmenting market every bit widely as state sections and generalising even those sections by grouping states with certain economic and cultural factors therefore poses a inquiry whether such broad cleavage would really turn out utile in guaranting an organization’s selling success? If yes, to what extent? Mentions 1. Budeva, D. , G. A ; Mullen, M. , R. 2014, International market cleavage,European Journal of Marketing, vol. 48, no. 7, pp. 1209-1238. 2. Goyat, S. ( 2011 ) The footing of market cleavage: a critical reappraisal of literature, European Journal of Business and Management, Vol3, No.9, 2011, pp.45-54 3. Sen, A. ( 2008 ) ‘Culture and Development’ , [ Online ] , Available at hypertext transfer protocol: //www.scribd.com/doc/6699222/Culture-Development-by-Amartya-Sen. [ Accessed: 1 November 2014 ] . 4. Wind, Y. A ; Douglas, S.P. 1972, International market cleavage,European Journal of Marketing, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 17-25.

Benjamin O. Davis - Tuskegee Airmen - World War II

Benjamin O. Davis - Tuskegee Airmen - World War II Benjamin O. Davis, Jr. (born December 18,  1912  at Washington, DC)  earned fame as the leader of the Tuskegee Airmen during World War II. He had a decorated thirty-eight-year career before he retired from active duty. He died on July 4, 2002, and was buried at Arlington National Cemetery with much distinction. Early Years Benjamin O. Davis, Jr. was the son of Benjamin O. Davis, Sr. and his wife Elnora.  A career US Army officer, the elder Davis later became the services first African-American general in 1941. Losing his mother at age four, the younger Davis was raised on various military posts and watched as his fathers career was hampered by the US Armys segregationist policies. In 1926, Davis had his first experience with aviation when he was able to fly with a pilot from Bolling Field. After briefly attending the University of Chicago, he elected to pursue a military career with the hope of learning to fly. Seeking admission to West Point, Davis received an appointment from Congressmen Oscar DePriest, the only African-American member of the House of Representatives, in 1932. West Point Though Davis hoped that his classmates would judge him on his character and performance rather than his race, he was quickly shunned by the other cadets. In an effort to force him from the academy, the cadets subjected him to the silent treatment. Living and dining alone, Davis endured and graduated in 1936. Only the academys fourth African-American graduate, he ranked 35th in a class of 278. Though Davis had applied for admission to the Army Air Corps and possessed the requisite qualifications, he was denied as there were no all-black aviation units. As a result, he was posted to the all-black 24th Infantry Regiment. Based at Fort Benning, he commanded a service company until attending the Infantry School. Completing the course, he received orders to move to Tuskegee Institute as a Reserve Officers Training Corps instructor. Learning to Fly As Tuskegee was a traditionally African-American college, the position allowed the US Army to assign Davis somewhere where he could not command white troops. In 1941, with World War II raging overseas, President Franklin Roosevelt and Congress directed the War Department to form an all-black flying unit within the Army Air Corps. Admitted to the first training class at nearby Tuskegee Army Air Field, Davis became the first African-American pilot to solo in an Army Air Corps aircraft. Winning his wings on March 7, 1942, he was one of the first five African-American officers to graduate from the program. He would be followed by nearly 1,000 more Tuskegee Airmen. 99th Pursuit Squadron Having been promoted to lieutenant colonel in May, Davis was given command of the first all-black combat unit, the 99th Pursuit Squadron. Working up through the fall of 1942, the 99th was originally scheduled to provide air defense over Liberia but later was directed to the Mediterranean to support the campaign in North Africa. Equipped with Curtiss P-40 Warhawks, Davis command began operating from Tunis, Tunisia in June 1943 as part of the 33rd Fighter Group. Arriving, their operations were hampered by segregationist and racist actions on the part of 33rds commander, Colonel William Momyer. Ordered to a ground attack role, Davis led his squadron on its first combat mission on June 2. This saw the 99th attack the island of Pantelleria in preparation for the invasion of Sicily. Leading the 99th through the summer, Davis men performed well, though Momyer reported otherwise to the War Department and stated that African-American pilots were inferior. As the US Army Air Forces were assessing the creation of additional all-black units, US Army Chief of Staff General George C. Marshall ordered the issue studied. As a result, Davis received orders to return to Washington in September to testify before the Advisory Committee on Negro Troop Policies. Delivering impassioned testimony, he successfully defended the 99ths combat record and paved the way for the formation of new units. Given command of the new 332nd Fighter Group, Davis prepared the unit for service overseas. 332nd Fighter Group Consisting of four all-black squadrons, including the 99th, Davis new unit began operating from Ramitelli, Italy in late spring 1944. Consistent with his new command, Davis was promoted to colonel on May 29. Initially equipped with Bell P-39 Airacobras, the 332nd transitioned to the Republic P-47 Thunderbolt in June. Leading from the front, Davis personally led the 332nd on several occasions including during an escort mission which saw Consolidated B-24 Liberators strike Munich. Switching to the North American P-51 Mustang in July, the 332nd began to earn a reputation as one of the best fighter units in the theater. Known as the Red Tails due to the distinctive markings on their aircraft, Davis men compiled an impressive record through the end of the war in Europe and excelled as bomber escorts. During his time in Europe, Davis flew sixty combat missions and won the Silver Star and Distinguished Flying Cross. Postwar On July 1, 1945, Davis received orders to take command of the 477th Composite Group. Consisting of the 99th Fighter Squadron and the all-black 617th and 618th Bombardment Squadrons, Davis was tasked with preparing the group for combat. Beginning work, the war ended before the unit was ready to deploy. Remaining with the unit after the war, Davis shifted to the newly formed US Air Force in 1947. Following President Harry S. Trumans executive order, which desegregated the US military in 1948, Davis aided in integrating the US Air Force. The next summer, he attended the Air War College becoming the first African-American to graduate from an American war college. After completing his studies in 1950, he served as chief of the Air Defense Branch of Air Force operations. In 1953, with the Korean War raging, Davis received command of the 51st Fighter-Interceptor Wing. Based in Suwon, South Korea, he flew the North American F-86 Sabre. In 1954, he shifted to Japan for service with the Thirteenth Air Force (13 AF). Promoted to brigadier general that October, Davis became vice commander of 13 AF the following year. In this role, he aided in rebuilding the Nationalist Chinese air force on Taiwan. Ordered to Europe in 1957, Davis became chief of staff for the Twelfth Air Force at Ramstein Air Base in Germany. That December, he began service as chief of staff for operations, Headquarters US Air Forces in Europe. Promoted to major general in 1959, Davis returned home in 1961 and assumed the office of Director of Manpower and Organization. In April 1965, after several years of Pentagon service, Davis was promoted to lieutenant general and assigned as chief of staff for the United Nations Command and US Forces in Korea. Two years later, he moved south to take command of the Thirteenth Air Force, which was then based in the Philippines. Remaining there for twelve months, Davis became deputy commander in chief, US Strike Command in August 1968, and also served as commander-in-chief, Middle-East, Southern Asia, and Africa. On February 1, 1970, Davis ended his thirty-eight-year career and retired from active duty. Later Life Accepting a position with the US Department of Transportation, Davis became Assistant Secretary of Transportation for Environment, Safety, and Consumer Affairs in 1971. Serving for four years, he retired in 1975. In 1998, President Bill Clinton promoted Davis to general in recognition of his achievements. Suffering from Alzheimers disease, Davis died at Walter Reed Army Medical Center on July 4, 2002. Thirteen days later, he was buried at Arlington National Cemetery as a red-tailed P-51 Mustang flew overhead. Selected Sources US Air Force: General Benjamin O. Davis, Jr.Aviation History: Benjamin DavisNational Park Service: Benjamin O. Davis

Kunsthaus Bregenz - Peter Zumthor Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words

Kunsthaus Bregenz - Peter Zumthor - Essay Example Kunsthaus sits near the east end of the Lake Constance, after finally being erected in 1991. The construction was in accordance with the order placed by Land Vorarlberg authorities. It was to play a role of major tourist attraction in this well-visited part of northern Austria. Thus the layout and architectural organization in general conform well to the function of a public site that is to play an educational and partly recreational role in the area. The significance of Kunsthaus lies mainly in the superb technical skill with which Zumthor constructed this major oeuvre of today's glassworks architecture. The organizational and designing solutions found in Kunsthaus are therefore of a major interest to those architects that begin their career in this sub-field. Moreover, Kunsthaus may tell us what principles lay in the foundations of the post-modern glassworks architecture as a whole. An emphasis on the construction of the public space and public perception modes make this building a n excellent example of the glassworks. The scope of this study will outline the main architectural innovations that the glassworks architecture experienced in the 1980s to 1990s along with the context of a change in public perception of architecture in general. Such issues as the use of proper construction materials, the tuning of a building’s organization strategy to the need of producing specific visual effects, and so forth are thus to be frequently touched upon in the present study. Yet, at the same time, the problem of architecture as a social field, as an expression, and the form of influence upon the public perception of space and time, is the main point of the concept. This focus will not be overlooked in fulfilling the study’s purposes. It is necessary to turn toward an intellectual and social contextual view of Kunsthaus along with Zumthor's other projects. Inevitably, the concept of a minimal architecture would arise here. As Hartmut Obendorf has mentioned i n this regard, the rise of a minimalism is inexorably connected with the reaction against the aesthetic banality and â€Å"visual excess† that he found typical for the post-modern â€Å"supermarket culture†.1 In this way, a minimalist architecture may be contrasted with the lavish architectural styles that reigned supreme as late as the 1970s.2 At the same time, the very concept of ‘minimalism’ may be found questionable, as the works that are usually referred to as ‘minimalist’ generally differ among themselves in some important architectural and conceptual qualities. For instance, Tony Fretton, one of the architects widely associated with the concept of ‘minimal architecture’ finds the very definition ‘not very useful’.3 This aspect should likewise be touched upon in the context of the present study. The minimalist element as related to the Kunsthaus will be fully explained. Finally, the issue of methodology should b e addressed. For the purposes of the present study the use of case studies will be used extensively, since the subject of the thesis concerns itself with a specific building situated within specific cultural, geographical, and socio-historical context. The research design of the study in general may be characterized as a qualitative one, as the quantitative elements of analysis (e.g. the exploration of spatial and geometrical organization of a building) are treated for purpose of establishing