Communication Skills Effective Communication - 1656 Words

Communication Skills Effective communication skills The health and social worker must be able to communicate effectively with a wide range of patients or clients. Babies Adolescents Young adults Older people Other health worker Doctors Nurses Teachers Police Social workers There are mainly three types of communication skills: Verbal Non verbal Written Communication can take many forms. Lack of effective communication between the care worker and the patient will mean that the client may not receive the support required. Verbal communication This must be used when Assessing children Identifying needs Giving†¦show more content†¦There is a lot of ways we can communicate. We all communicate in different ways everyday How do we communicate? The ways we communicate are: Informal conversation with friends, either one to one or in a group More formal discussions at a workplace or college perhaps Telephone conversations Letters If we do not give sufficient information to the person we are talking to then the other person will not have much to say. Another way that could be a barrier would be when the environment is unhelpful. For example if it is noisy, lack of privacy, too many people talking at the same time. These are all barriers to communication. Verbal communication is also the use of sounds and words to express yourself. This maybe instead of using gestures. An example of verbal communication is saying no when someone asks you to do something that you don’t want to do. Examples of verbal communication This would be an example when the child is telling the teacher how hard the homework is and the teacher does not take any action to help him and does not give him an informative response then the child will feel like he is not being listened to and is being ignored on person. This may lead to depression. Another example would be if the parent has a complaint and tells the manager about it. However if the manager does not deal with the problems and does not listen to the parents it will be an example of verbal communication. If a parent and staff talk. ItShow MoreRelatedEffective Communication And Communication Skills Essay1146 Words   |  5 Pagestogether as a team to collaborate, delegate and consult. In order for this team effort to be effective, good communication skills must exist between medical professionals. Many times, messages can be altered and interpreted differently; if the conditions for transmission barriers develop. External barriers and internal barriers, such as confusion and mental status can hinder effective communication. Communication can be both verbal and nonverbal, and it is important to understand that different culturesRead MoreCommunication Skills For Effective Communication929 Words   |  4 Pages Based on your examples from each principle of effective communication (General, Interpersonal and Written), describe the potential barriers (problems) to effective communication in the presentation, as well. Remember to state the problem and then how this can affect communication. Introduction I am going to describe how communication skills are used effectively in the presentation. General Communication Skills General communication skills are a way of expression or exchanging ideas and thoughtsRead MoreEffective Communication Is Enhanced By Good Communication Skills1322 Words   |  6 PagesCommunication involves the exchange of ideas and thoughts between two or more people with the aim of conveying information. Effective communication is enhanced by good communication skills. Good communication skills are important in all walks of life because it enables people to interact and convey information in an effective manner. For example, a doctor requires good communication skills in order to get the needed information from a patient. Failure to portray good communication skills by the doctorRead MoreEssay on Effective Communication Skills1315 Words   |  6 Pagesto becoming an effective leader is to develop effective communication skills. Communication is the transmission of meaning from one person to another or to many people, whether verbally or non-verbally (Barrett, 2006). Effective co mmunication enables leaders to lead. Effective communication occurs only if the receiver understands the exact information or idea that the sender intended to covey. As a leader, studying the communication process is important. Communication skills, including the abilityRead MoreEffective Communication Skills Are Important905 Words   |  4 PagesEffective communication skills are important no matter who an individual is talking to, but they are vital when it comes to talking to someone who has either been a victim or a witness of a crime. A victim is at their most vulnerable state so they need to be talked to delicately and have support. Often times, witnesses of a crime are overlooked and are not questioned and they may have valuable information that could help a victim recover from the crime and give them justice. Communication in victimologyRead MoreEssay on Effective Communication Skills1308 Words   |  6 PagesHowever, what is often overlooked is the value of possessing effective communication skills to build relationships among one’s peers and leaders. For without the possession of effective communication skills one may find it difficult to not only succeed but also advance in the work place. Specifically in the field of education, where leaders are faced daily with challenging tasks, commitments, and deadlines, having effective communication skills is detrimental in creating a positive school climate inRead MoreEffective Communication And Interpersonal Skills942 Words   |  4 Pagesleadership skills have â€Å"the ability to influence others, through effective communication and interpersonal skills† (American Sentinel University). Commonly, directors and senior nurse managers are confined to a different schedule than bedside nurses; working outside of clinical practice and patient interaction and focusing primarily on addressing organizational issues, increasing morale and productivity among staff all while increasing the quality of patient care. Effective communicati on and the abilityRead MoreGuidelines For Effective Communication Skills1867 Words   |  8 PagesApply Effective Communication Skills in Nursing Practice ESSAY Name: Maree Bolba D R A F T COMMUNICATION Define â€Å"Communication.† Communication is an interactive process where an individual transmits a message to another individual or a group. ‘Human communication is an ongoing dynamic series of events in which meaning is generated and transmitted.’ (Potter Perry, 2000 pp 271) In saying so there are two main factors when communicating, them being the verbal or non-verbalRead MoreEssay on Skills for an Effective Communication1261 Words   |  6 Pagesability to connect with others by exchanging ideas and feelings both verbally and non-verbally. Verbal communication can consist of spoken conversations (face to face or phone calls) or written messages (letters, emails newsletters). Non-verbal communication includes facial expressions, body language, eye contact, tone and pauses and is less direct but just as important. Good communication skills are essential for anyone working in the early childhood industry, because being able to communicate effectivelyRead MoreEffective Communication Skills Essay 1144 Words   |  5 PagesListening is a vital element of communication and it is very much different from hearing sense of human. A meaningful communication requires both a good listener and a speaker. However, the effect of a listening style may vary depending on the occasions and situations a listener is in. Sometimes, speaker exhibit ineffective style such as defensiveness, ambushing, pseudo-listening, stage hogging and selective listening in their communication tracks. I am a good listener because I pay my whole

The Things They Carried By Tim O Brien - 862 Words

In the repeated use of ideas of weight throughout his short story â€Å"The Things They Carried†, Tim O’Brien highlights its pivotal symbolism: the intense burden of fear, especially of their own mortality, experienced by the soldiers, and thus weight’s role as the most important word in the text. O’Brien accomplishes this effect through recurring references to weight in relation to Ted Lavender’s death, and his frequent use of weight and weightlessness metaphors in the dreams of Lieutenant Jimmy Cross and the other soldiers. Using the character’s ideas of weight to investigate their emotional reality, O’Brien’s explores heaviness and lightness in both physical and metaphysical connotations providing ample evidence for weight’s central symbolic purpose within the text. The role of weight in Ted Lavender’s death, and its frequent reference by characters within the story, reinforces the weight’s relationship with fear. Lavender was said to have â€Å"dropped like so much concrete† due in part to being ‘†exceptionally burdened† when he was shot (O’Brien 472). Tim O’Brien connects the importance of the weight of the soldier’s physical gear to their emotional state by explaining â€Å"Ted Lavender, who was scared, carried 34 rounds when he was shot and killed outside Than Khe†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (472). 34 rounds were 9 more than required, and thus more than five and a half pounds of extra weight (O’Brien 472). More than the extra ammunition, Lt. Cross described that Lavender fell under the weight of â€Å"allShow MoreRelatedThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien892 Words   |  4 PagesThe Vietnam War was a long, exhausting, and traumatic experience for all of the soldiers and those who came with them. The Things They Carried, by Tim O Brien illustrates the different affects the war had on a variety of people: Jacqueline Navarra Rhoads, a former nurse during the Vietnam war, demonstrates these effects within her own memoir in the book, The Forgotten Veterans. Both sources exemplify many tribulations, while sharing a common thread of suffering from mental unpredictability. DesensitizationRead MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien1377 Words   |  6 Pageslove to have it as good as we do. Tim O’Brien’s The Things They Carried discusses many veterans who experience the burden of shame and guilt daily due to their heroic actions taken during the Vietnam War. The book shows you how such a war can change a man before, during, and after it’s over.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As I reflect on the many conflicts America has been a part of, none can compare to the tragedies that occurred in The Vietnam war. As told in The Things They Carried (O’Brien), characters such as NormanRead MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien1457 Words   |  6 Pagesthe theme pertains to everyone regardless of their background. It conveys the same ideas to people from all across our society. Lastly, a classic is timeless, which means it has transcended the time in which it was written. In Tim O’Brien’s novel, The Things They Carried, he offers a new, intriguing way to view war or just life in general and also meets all of the crucial requirements mentioned above to qualify it as a book of literary canon. Though this book is technically a war novel, many peopleRead MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien1242 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Tim O’Brien is obsessed with telling a true war story. O Brien s fiction about the Vietnam experience suggest, lies not in realistic depictions or definitive accounts. As O’Brien argues, absolute occurrence is irrelevant because a true war story does not depend upon that kind of truth. Mary Ann’s induction into genuine experience is clearly destructive as well as empowering† (p.12) Tim O’s text, The Things they Carried, details his uses of word choice to portray his tone and bias. Tim O’BrienRead MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien1169 Words   |  5 Pagesbut are set in the past and borrows things from that time period. A story that fits this genre of literature is The Things They Carried. The story is about Tim O Brien, a Vietnam veteran from the Unite States, who tells stories about what had happ ened when he and his team were stationed in Vietnam. He also talks about what he felt about the war when he was drafted and what he tried to do to avoid going to fight in Vietnam. The Things They Carried by Tim O Brien was precise with its portrayal of settingRead MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien1004 Words   |  5 Pages Tim O’Brien is a veteran from of the Vietnam War, and after coming home from his duty he decided to be a writer. His work â€Å"The Things They Carried† is about a group of soldiers that are fighting in the Vietnam War. The first part of the story talks mostly about physical items that each soldier carries, and also mentions the weight of the items as well. Though, there is one exception to the list of physical things. Lieutenant Cross is a character of the story, and Tim O’ Brien quickly states theRead MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien896 Words   |  4 PagesTrouble without a doubt is what First Lieutenant Jimmy Cross c arried around his shoulders because he was out in war, where mistakes happen. Lost and unknown of his surroundings he had to lead his men into safety, while destroying anything they found. First Lieutenant Jimmy Cross only holds onto one thing for hope and that is Martha, the woman who he hopes is a virgin to come back to. Tim O’ Brien introduces symbolism by adding a character that has a meaning of purity and a pebble, which symbolizesRead MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien Essay832 Words   |  4 PagesSummary: â€Å"By and large they carried these things inside, maintaining the masks of composure† (21). In Tim O’brien’s The Things They Carried, the American soldiers of the Vietnam War carry much more than the weight of their equipment, much more than souvenirs or good-luck charms or letters from home. They carried within themselves the intransitive burdens—of fear, of cowardice, of love, of loneliness, of anger, of confusion. Most of all, they carry the truth of what happened to them in the war—aRead MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien1369 Words   |  6 PagesMany authors use storytelling as a vehicle to convey the immortality of past selves and those who have passed to not only in their piece of literature but in their life as an author. In Tim O’Brien’s work of fiction The Things They Carried, through his final chapter â€Å"The Lives of the Dead,† O Brien conveys that writing is a matter of survival since, the powers of s torytelling can ensure the immortality of all those who were significant in his life. Through their immortality, O’Brien has the abilityRead MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien1407 Words   |  6 Pages       Our introduction stated that in â€Å"The Things They Carried,† author Tim O’Brien tells us not directly of the soldiers of Vietnam, or the situations they find themselves in, but about the things they carry on their shoulders and in their pockets. These â€Å"things† identify the characters and bring them to life.   I find that to be true as the author unfolds the stories about war and the uncommon things one carries in to war both inadvertently and on purpose.  Ã‚  Ã‚  As it was noted: Stories about war –

Hydraulic Fracking free essay sample

In this paper we will â€Å"drill† deeper into the process of hydro fracturing. We will give a description of the process. We will discuss the political, sociological and environmental effects of fracking along with the benefits and drawbacks associated with the process. We will discuss the history of fracking, along with different items used in the fracking process including sand, water, proppants and chemicals. We will also discuss new jobs, products and entire businesses being created because of the fracking process. Hydraulic Fracturing Description According to dictionary. com hydraulic fracturing is â€Å"the process in which fractures in rocks below the earths surface are opened and widened by injecting chemicals and liquids at high pressure: used especially to extract natural gas or oil† (Dictionary. com, 2012). The description of Hydro Fracturing or commonly known as fracking is fairly simple. Drill a hole into the ground. Pump some water into the ground. Release natural gas for human consumption. We will write a custom essay sample on Hydraulic Fracking or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The process sounds simple enough. Well, as most things in this world fracking is much more complicated. Fracking takes an unbelievable amount of resources, manpower, and engineering. In return fracking creates jobs which help our embattled economy. Fracking offers the U. S. an independent source of energy free from the rest of the world’s influence. Fracking also creates ancillary jobs for additional products and equipment associated with the fracking process. Fracking is the process of drilling into the earth’s surface and extracting natural gas in the shale below. This is done first by drilling vertically into the earth’s crust several thousand feet below the water line. The drill then heads horizontally continuing on until the drill hits the projected target several thousand feet below the earth’s surface. After the fracking target is reached, pipe is inserted into the drilled out hole. After the pipe reaches the drilled target, high pressure frac water mixed with â€Å"frac sand† and other additive components are pumped into the shale. This process allows shale to become unstable and open up, so natural gas can escape (Zdunczyk, 2012). Once gas is released, it is brought to the surface, stored, processed, and then sent to market for consumption. The other materials are stored, recycled or disposed of by other various means. History of Fracking Hydraulic fracturing or â€Å"fracking† is a process that fractures rock formations in the earth’s surface in order to release hydrocarbons. When these hydrocarbons are released, they flow more freely through the rocks and up to the wellbore, were oil and gas are extracted to (Suchy, 2012). Not all rock formations require a hydraulic fracturing operation to be done because the fluids move freely through rocks that have been naturally fractured. Shale gas reservoirs on the other hand are not permeable and have very few natural fractures; therefore the trapped gas and oil must be extracted by fracking only. Some of the earliest â€Å"fracking† techniques can be traced back as early as the 1860’s (Carlson, 2011). These early techniques, used primarily in oil wells, used liquid nitroglycerin as a stimulant to break up shallow, hard rock wells that were located Pennsylvania, New York, Kentucky, and West Virginia. The use of nitroglycerin was extremely hazardous and often deemed illegal in many states; however, this â€Å"shooting† process was very successful. Shooting† is a term used for injecting the nitroglycerin into the well to produce rubbished rock to increase both initial flow and the recovery of oil (Montgomery, 2010). Because of the success on oil wells, the similar principles were applied to gas and water wells. In the 1930’s well engineers began to look for something that was not as h azardous for the rig operators. They started to inject a non-explosive fluid, which was acid, into the wells to break up the rock formations to acidize the rocks. By acidizing the rocks it would allow the fracture to remain open creating a â€Å"pressure-parting† inside the well. Pressure-parting increased the flow to the well along with increasing the overall productivity (Montgomery, 2010). Eventually this new technology lead to engineers trying water as an agent to break the rock while squeezing cement around the barrier to keep the well open. In the late 1930’s, Floyd Farris of Stanolind Oil and Gas Corporation, also known as Amoco conducted a study between the relationship of well performances and treatment pressures. Mr. Farris was particularly curious about the â€Å"formation breakdown† and the specific results when acid, water or squeeze cementing was used. At the end of the study, Mr. Farris conceived the idea of hydraulically fracturing the well to increase production from both gas and oil wells (Montgomery, 2010). In 1947, the first official hydraulic fracturing procedure took place in Hugoton Gas Field, Grant County, Kansas by Stanolind Oil Company (Suchy, 2012). On the Klepper No. 1, about 1,000 gallons of naphthenic-acid and palm oil, also known as napalm, was mixed in a thickened gasoline mixer and injected at 2,400 feet, followed by a gel breaker that was used to stimulate the limestone formation (Willie, 2011). As with the nitroglycerin, the napalm made the process extremely hazardous for the rig workers. The main goal of this â€Å"hydrafrac† was to compare fracking with the acidizing that was used previously. The outcome for the experiment was deemed a failure because the wellbore was clogged with drilling mud from the operation; however, the engineers did not give up hope. By 1948, the hydrafrac process was introduced more into the industry in a paper written my J. B. Clark of Stanolind Oil; and in 1949 the first patent was issued to Halliburton Oil Well Cementing Company (HOWCO) (Suchy, 2012). The fracking procedure that was done in 1947 became an industry standard for all well stimulations done in the United States (Willie, 2011). On March 17, 1949, HOWCO performed the first two commercial fracturing operations. One located in Stephens County, Oklahoma which cost around $900 (that’s about $50,000 today), and the other one in Archer County, Texas that cost $1,000 ($56,000 today). Instead of injecting hazardous liquids, like nitroglycerin or napalm, HOWCO used crude oil or a blend of crude oil and gasoline along with 100 – 150lbm of sand. This mixture seemed to be very profitable. The first year yielded a production increase of 75% from 332 wells (Montgomery, 2010). By the mid-1950’s there were more than 3,000 well treatments that operated per month which resulted more oil supply for the United States. Stephens County, Oklahoma was not only the site of the first commercial fracking, but in 1968 it also was the site of the first half-million-pound fracturing job. This meant that the well recovered over a half-million pounds in recoverable resource. This amazing job was performed by Pan American Petroleum Corporation (now BP) (Montgomery, 2010). During the 50’s Canada decided to give hydraulic fracking a try for the first time at Cardium oil field in central Alberta. By the time the 1980’s and early 1990’s came around, engineers were also considering drilling horizontally in order to discover more untapped resources. Horizontal drilling begins with drilling vertically at first, and then at a specific depth the borehole turns and begins drilling horizontally for a specific length in a single rock formation. Such drilling has allowed highly productive projects in recovering shale gas, tight gas sandstone, and coal bed methane.

Macolm X Essays - African-American Muslims, English-language Films

Macolm X A man was brought into this world on May 19,1925 to serve his people and help them open many doors. This man started of as a nobody and is now known to the world as being one of America's greatest Civil Rights leaders. Malcolm X Little was the 4th child born to Reverend Earl and Louise Little. He also had 3 half siblings. His dad believed in self-determination and worked for the unity of black people and tried to teach Malcolm the same way. His dad tried to raise Malcolm to be aware of his ethnic background and dignity. Violence was always sparked by white people that were trying to stop black people such as Rev. Little. (Malcolm's father) After he was born his family quite a few times before he they finally settled in Lansing, Michigan. His father became active in the University of Negro improvements Assoc. he also go involved in the Black Baptist Church. Throughout Malcolm's life he was dedicated to black people. I guess you could say that he followed in the footsteps of his father. Even though Malcolm, his brothers, sisters, and parents were all shot, burned out of their homes, harassed, and threatened they still fought for their freedom and for what they believed in. This culminated in the assassination of his father by the white people. When Malcolm was only 6 years of age his father was shot and died. Although all this happened to Malcolm throughout his life he still continued to go to school. HE graduated 8th grade with good grades, just as he thought his father would have wanted him to do. At the age of 15 Malcolm dropped out of school and began to learn the ways of the streets. He became acquainted with hoodlums, thieves, dope peddlers, and pimps. When he was twenty Malcolm was convicted of burglary, and he remained in prison till he was 27. While he was in prison he began to educated himself and he learned about and joined the Nation of Islam. He studied the teachings of Elijah Muhammad fully. In 1952 he was released a changed man. When he was released he went to Detroit and he joined the daily activity of the sect and was given instructions by Elijah Muhammad himself. After the teachings of Muhammad he changed his name to Al-Haji Malik El-Shabazz. His commitment helped build the organization nation-wide, while making him and international figure. He was interviewed for TV programs and by magazines and spoke across America at many different universities and other forums. Malcolm's power was in his words. Here is just a few of Malcolm's most powerful words. I feel like a man who had been asleep somewhat and under someone else's control. I feel what I'm saying now id for myself. Before, it was for and by guidance of another, now I think with my own mind. This means he took in all the information that people said, and used it as his own knowledge. He used to listen to what people would say and learn from what they said. Then one day he woke up and decided that he was the man in control and he has enough power to fight for what he believed in. Another great speech that Malcolm made was this one: This letter showed how he visited a country where all people were treated and that they have never heard of the word racist. He thought it was so amazing that people of all different ethnic beliefs could all eat of the same plate and drink from the same glass. His experience there was so amazing that he wanted the whole world to know how it was. Before his trip described in the letter above Malcolm was vehemently anti-white. He did not like whites and he believed that they were hell raisers and they had no more of a right to ridicule him than he does to ridicule them. He was taught as a child to hate whites so that is what he grew up believing. But after his trip to Abraham he came to see that all people were equal, regardless of their race. True anti-racism is color blindness. That's what he spoke about when

How Content Marketing Can Build Your Personal Brand

How Content Marketing Can Build Your Personal Brand Its easy to think that content marketing is just for the big startups and web app companies, but the truth is, a huge part of the content marketing community is made up of  solo bloggers. They are writing in the niche they are passionate about, but they have a peculiar challenge that an agency or web app startup doesnt have: what are they selling? Solo bloggers are often selling their expertise, and building a platform to do it. Their name is their brand. They might rely on freelancing gigs, affiliate and ad revenue, or sales of services they can provide. Their blog provides the proof of their skills. They have no one but themselves to do all of the heavy lifting, whether that means getting their content out onto social media, taking photos, brainstorming blog post ideas, editing their own work, managing their website, and publishing. Lindsay Livingston is a great example of a solo blogger who is hard at work establishing a trusted platform and loyal fan base. Tell us about yourself, Lindsay. Im a Registered Dietitian from Columbus, OH. I work in nutrition communications and am the author behind the healthy living blog, The Lean Green Bean. My husband and I are expecting our first child in October and in my free time I enjoy doing Crossfit and spending time outdoors with our two dogs. When did you start content marketing? Ive been blogging for 4 years. I started because I was looking for a place to store all the recipes I was making for dinner. I started on Blogger and after about 6 months, I made the switch to WordPress. After about a year, I really started focusing on increasing my readership and growing the blog. Do you have a personal blog outside of your work blog? Im lucky that my personal blog has grown enough that its now part of my job as a self-employed RD! What tools and platforms do you use to help you with your content marketing and social media? Im self-hosted. Dreamhost is my host and I blog with WordPress. I use as my editorial calendar and also use it to schedule my blog posts and social media posts. I use Buffer and Hootsuite to schedule the tweets I create to share blog posts of others, news articles, etc. I use Pinterest to pin and promote my own content as well as building boards to gather recipes, tips/tricks etc for my followers to use. I have a blog Facebook page where I share my blog posts and Instagram photos. I use Instagram to share pictures of the food I eat, workouts and snapshots of life. I also use Google+. How big is your content marketing team? Just me! What is the biggest challenge you have when it comes to content creation? The biggest challenge is finding time to do it all. There are so many social media platforms that its impossible to excel at all of them. Im working to figure out which are best for promoting my content and engaging my readers. What changes have you noticed in content marketing over the past year or so? Pinterest has exploded. It can be a huge traffic driver if you use it correctly. Instagram has also become really big as a way to market your content. I dont think either of these will go away anytime soon. Visual content is what people like and want more of. What are the most common mistakes you see people making when it comes to content marketing? Some people struggle to find a balance between self-promotion and promoting others. Its a delicate balance but Ive found that if you spread the love, the love comes back to you. People struggle to find a balance between self-promotion and promoting others. What were you hoping would happen once you began content marketing? I was hoping to drive more traffic to my blog. Yes it has happened, slowly. Now that Im more established, I can definitely see the general dips in traffic that bloggers experience across the board i.e. lower traffic in the summer, more in the fall and winter. It took several years to grow my audience to where it is now. Im still working on ways to capture the one-time visitors that come from sites like Pinterest and make them returning visitors.

How Many Zeros in a Billion A Million A Trillion

How Many Zeros in a Billion A Million A Trillion SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Wondering how many zeros are in a billion? A trillion? A nonillion? Whether you’ve recently won the lottery and are trying to make sure your bank account has the correct number of zeros or you’re simply trying to find an easy way to understand how many zeros are in large numbers (over a million), this is the article for you. We’ll break down an easy trick for figuring out how many zeros are in large numbers and provide a handy chart for easy reference. How Many Zeros in a Trillion? How Large Numbers Are Made The digit zero (0) is important for counting large numbers. The larger the number is, the more zeros it has. Starting at 1,000, large numbers have groups of 0s in them. Every time you jump up to the next level of number, another 0 is added. The number one thousand has three 0s in it (1,000). The number 10,000 has four 0s in it (10,000). The number one hundred thousand has five 0s in it (100,000). The number one million has six 0s in it (1,000,000). Every time you have a full group of three zeros, like in one million (1,000,000), you use a comma to separate them. How Many Zeros in a Million? How Many Zeros in a Billion? Reference Chart Here’s how numbers from 100,000 to 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 (nonillion) look when written out with the correct groups of three 0s. Name Number of Zeros Written Out One Thousand 3 1,000 Ten Thousand 4 10,000 One Hundred Thousand 5 100,000 One Million 6 1,000,000 Billion 9 1,000,000,000 Trillion 12 1,000,000,000,000 Quadrillion 15 1,000,000,000,000,000 Quintillion 18 1,000,000,000,000,000,000 Sextillion 21 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 Septillion 24 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 Octillion 27 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 Nonillion 30 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 How to Figure Out How Many Zeros in a Million Trying to figure out how many zeros should be in a large number? Each large number always adds a zero to the number immediately preceding it, starting at 1,000. 1,000 has three zeros. That means that the next large number, ten thousand (10,000), has four zeros. The same goes when you get into the millions. One million has six zeros (1,000,000). Ten million has seven zeros (10,000,000). One hundred million has eight zeros (100,000,000). When you make the jump from one large number to the next designation (for instance, from one million to one billion), you’ll add a group of three zeros. One million has six zeros (1,000,000), while one billion has nine zeros (1,000,000,000). Recap: How Many Zeros in a Billion? Zero the most important digit for creating large numbers. Large numbers above 100,000 have groups of three zeros separated by commas. A million has six zeros, a billion has nine, and a trillion has 12. What’s Next? Writing a research paper for school but not sure what to write about? Our guide to research paper topics has over 100 topics in ten categories so you can be sure to find the perfect topic for you. Learning about natural logs? Check out our guide on the natural log rules you must know to ace this subject. What is dynamic equilibrium and what does it have to do with rusty cars? Find out by reading our complete guide to dynamic equilibrium.

The international day in The united Arab Emirats Essay

The international day in The united Arab Emirats - Essay Example 145). There is youth day, women day and Jazz ceremony all being international events. Basing our discussion on the Jazz international day, it is worth noting that the ceremony held every year. It involves individuals from the different groups that are members of the United Arab Emirates; for example in 2013, there was a Jazz event at Dubai. This one of the largest member states of Emirates, and the ceremony theme was on uniting culture. Jazz Amalgam ceremony aimed at uniting people, discouraging members from civil war and promoting peace and harmony among the member states. During this event, People would understand one another and get to take each other as brother. The songs and dances would be educative and directed to peace making. They would help in assisting people understand the negative impacts of conflict and civil wars. The dancers would present performance of insecurity, loss of life resulting from conflict hence encouraging members to love one another and work towards protection for their own and reduction of terrorism. For example, in the 10th annual ceremony at Dubai, dignitaries from various nations such as France were invited the event, which is said to be symbolic. The federation leader was observed to sit at the central position leading the opening remarks. Scholars have observed that this was a sign of unity as the federation leader acted as a mediator who would help unite Arabs with western nations such as U.S.A. The France ambassador was present to learn more of Arab culture, and this would help reduce emerging conflict among the western and Arab states. Furthermore, in the 10th annual ceremony, UNESCO Goodwill Ambassador and Thelonious chairman were present to participate in intercultural dialogue. This was a special event as it marked the beginning of unity among the western British and the Arabs. It is said to

Conflicting Viewpoints Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Conflicting Viewpoints - Essay Example However, the opponents of illegal immigration have their convincing reasons on the issue. They feel that illegal immigrants should be deported. Also, they believe that such immigrants should not be allowed to have access to social services, and they should not be granted US citizenship. They believe that illegal immigrants are criminals in nature, present a social and economic burden to the state’s law- abiding citizens as well as to the Americans that are taxpayers. My opinion on the issue of illegal immigrants is that they should be allowed to stay in the country, if they do not present any social, political or economic threat to the country. I support this view due to a number of reasons. Anyone can become an immigrant in any country. This because it is not always the wish of immigrants to be such situations. Different reasons force them to become immigrants. For instance, some become illegal immigrants due political unrest in their home country; others are due to lack of employment in their countries while others are due to natural disasters in their country of origin. In addition, a majority of the illegal immigrants end up doing the work that most American citizen will not do. For instance, very few Americans would agree to work in manufacturing industries unless they are employed at the managerial levels. Similarly, only the poor Americans would agree to work on construction sites. Those Americans found in such places are those in the foreman’s or engineer’s level. The rest of the workers are mostly from different countries or the poor Americans with no jobs. The final reason is that illegal immigrants contribute to the economic development of the country (ProCon.org, 2015). Most of the illegal immigrants can be found working in areas where other American may not work while such places are a source of income to them. For instance, if there

Punishments in Primitive Soceity Essay Example for Free

Punishments in Primitive Soceity Essay Introduction: The most usual criteria for punishment in primitive societies is the principle of Eye for an eye. According to this principle if a person has taken the eye of another the chief orders that the eye of the criminal should be taken.Blood for blood is the ancient principle of retribution in primitive societies. Thus punishment is based on retributive principle. This is so since most of the tribal people believe that crime is a violation of divine system or rules. Hence it is believed that the criminal is evil and should be given suitable punishment so that he may become free from evil.The evil souls must be punished. Besides retribution, another basis for punishment is compensation of the loss. Punishment in the form of fine is usually based on this principle. A fine is imposed since it compensates the loss.But the most important principle in the primitive system of punishment is the principle of collective responsibility.According to this principle punishment is not necessarily awarded to the individual who has committed the crime but his family, clan and local group may also be punished. For example, punishment of death is given for a murder, but this punishment may not be awarded to him who has murdered.In his place some other member of his family, group or clan may be killed since the group is collectively responsible for the criminal act of each member. CHARACTERISTICS OF PRIMITIVE LAWS It is a part of natural and supernatural principles. It is based on kinship types. It is originated from the moral and ethical notions and public opinion. In primitive law there is no difference between civil law and criminal law. Primitive law doesnt distinguishes between crimes and torts, public and private issues. It gives importance to sin and supernatural punishments. In here kinship group looks after law, therefore, there is collective responsibility for protecting the law. Kinds of Evidence (a) Oath. The offender has to take an oath and then he is asked to state whether he has committed the offence or not. It is generally believed that, if the offender tells a lie, he falls a prey to the supernatural anger for taking a false oath. (b) Ordeal. Sometimes the persons accused are put to torture in primitive societies before the declaration of judgment in criminal cases. If the accused persons escape without injury, they are acquitted as they are supposed to be not guilty. Kinds of Punishment 1. Different types of punishment are prevalent in different primitive societies. While in some societies compensation and social extermination are the more usual punishments, in other societies different types of physical injuries are inflicted as punishment. Similarly, in some societies fines are imposed and community feast is demanded to wipe off the crime. 2. Capital sentence is generally given in a case of homicide; but sometimes the death penalty is given to one of his family members or to one of his kins instead of inflicting it up to the person who has actually committed homicide. 3. They-believe that it is not the individual who is regarded to have been wronged but the whole kin-group to which he belonged and his kin-group, therefore avenges itself on the kin- group of the accused and not necessarily on the accused himself. 4. In some other societies the criminal is publicly insulted by blackening his face and carrying him through the entire village seated on a donkey. In America, in a tribe an unfaithful wife is given the punishment of death by drowning in water. In an Uganda tribe there is provision of jail for the criminal. The criminal, however, can be set free for a night. 5. If the crime is very serious the criminal is fixed to a pole till he dies. Murder is usually punished by capital punishment but most of the tribes do not have the provision for hanging till death. The provision for jail, however, is very exceptional. Usually, one does not find prison houses in tribal societies. 6. The misbehavior done to an ordinary individual is lightly punished, when the same misbehavior done to a chieftain is punished severely. For example, adultery with the wife of a king or chieftain is a capital crime and punished with death whereas adultery with some ordinary individual is not punished so severely. 7. The punishment of imposing a fine is not found among the punishments for crimes in primitive societies. Where fines are charged in a primitive society, they are paid by way of compensation to the aggrieved party. 8. The accused, very often, has to give a feast to the whole village in compensation for his crime. Even in case where fines are paid by way of compensation for the wrong done, attention is paid to the person who has done the wrong as well as to the person who has been wronged, if a person of a low standard offends a person of a high status, the find imposed is very heavy. But, if a person of a high status offends an ordinary person, the amount of compensation is very small.

Queering privilege :: Essays Papers

Queering privilege In any groups’ struggle against injustice, a glint of jealousy and bitterness seems to accompany thoughts of the oppressor and those positioned in places of privileged within structures of domination. Generally it is acknowledged that there are no simple scapegoats upon whom to unequivocally level blame for all the world’s maladies, tempting as finding and accosting such a character is. Despite the growing willingness to let go of old myths of directly responsible villains, there remains a not unrelated urge still to describe and intellectually master (exert power over by gaining knowledge of) those who inhabit structural locations of privilege. Taking the case of Patricia Hill Collins’ black feminism, a rather nuanced understanding of such characters is developed to better know their place. However, the accounts of this sort of simplistic anti-domination critique ultimately replicates, in its theorizing, the assimilationist incompleteness of the modes of tho ught it initially rejects. For people to be ‘structurally positioned’ in ‘relatively privileged ways’ means that they routinely receive benefits and escape discomforts as compared to trends in other people. Usually these trends about what is ‘routine’ and how ‘other people’ live rely on some creation of a category of â€Å"normal† from which others are understood as departures. A first issue is to determine what a benefit or discomfort would be. By discomfort, of course, I mean to sarcastically understate the range from daily and ‘accidental’ inconveniences to very intentional brutality that makes up a common experience of grinding oppression that structurally condemns folks as individuals and groups. Similarly, benefits span a sizeable range in their particularity, but compose an overarching preponderance of niceties. However, who gets to decide what is oppressive or beneficent might be the effected person, someone higher up, or impe rsonal criteria, but this is a question for ethics one is tempted to bracket. Some groups, it then seems, are in better places, but who are â€Å"they†? If black women can be defined as a group by first noticing the trends that particular people encounter, such as often being suspected of shoplifting, and then correlating these patterns with their constructed identity (the combination of categories â€Å"black† and â€Å"woman†) (Collins 25-26), then perhaps groups with structural privilege can be understood similarly. The categories of, say, â€Å"man† and â€Å"white† do seem to line up with systematic privileges. In Patricia Hill Collins’ black feminism, both the criticisms and alternative methodologies offer some insights into the nature of a position of privilege and what it means to inhabit it.

A Way of Life Essay

Cell phones have become one of the most influential devices in today’s society. People have become so dependent on cell phones; they do not like to let them leave their presence because of anxiety that they might miss a call or text message. This essay will explore some of the positive and negative effects of cell phones with calling, texting and pictures. The first positive effects of cell phones are calling. Some employers will supply their employees with cell phones for business use. Salesman and drivers use them to contact customers for orders and deliveries. Customers can reach the drivers or salesman if there is a problem with their orders or have a complaint. Salesman can call and check on a customer at any time. Employers can call and check on the drivers and salesman for any reason. Parents can check on their kids. Kids can call their parents anytime and anywhere to let them know of their wellbeing. Cell phones are extremely useful to have when a person is driving alone. Someone may need assistance if they get stranded. If there is a car accident and need to call for help. Emergency personnel can respond quickly to an accident. On the other hand, the negative effect of calling is driving while talking on the phone. Can be extremely distracting paying attention to the road. Hearing the phone ring when a person is driving and try reaching for the phone can cause swerving all over the road or even an accident. The second positive effect is texting. Texting is an excellent way to communicate with someone without talking over the phone. Text messages can be sent to more than one person at a time. Schools like to send text messages to parents to remind and give information that they may need to be informed about their child. Companies like to send text reminders of payments due dates or compelling offers they might have. Meanwhile the negative effect of texting, while driving is extremely distracting because a person pays more attention to the cell phone than the surroundings around them and the road. Driver’s texting may not always see a car or person in front of them and can either have an accident or hit a person walking. People walking and texting at the same time do not always watch where they are going. They can walk into walls, cars, other things and end up getting hurt. Texting can also be distracting while people are working. Kids do not pay much attention in class if they worry about receiving a text or responding to one. Teenagers can use texting as a way of bullying others. The third positive effect is sending pictures. Taking pictures with cell phones is a terrific way of sharing photos by sending them to family and friends. Customers taking pictures and sending it to the salesman can help explain what they need or what product they are trying to find. The picture can give the salesman information they need to help the customer. The negative effect taking inappropriate pictures can lead to bullying and other unfortunate circumstances. In conclusion, cell phones are perfect for keeping in touch with family and friends. I send pictures of my kids to family and friends that are out of town all the time. So they are a part of what is going on in our lives. I am always calling and checking on my kids. I text them when they do not answer a call from me. My kids like most teenagers prefer to text message you then talk on the phone. Cell phones in general can have a positive and negative effect on everyone. When I am driving, I use my Bluetooth or I let it go to voicemail. Texting is not that crucial when people are driving. We all can call or text after we get to where we are going.

Kaustav Bakshi

Kaustav Bakshi remarks that Tagore defamiliarises the image of a widow in the persona of Binodini. She is depicted as sharp, instinctive and passionate. Through the novel, Tagore seems to portray the natural yet socially forbidden desire of a widow ironically called Binodini – which is a name that often recurs in Vaishnav Kirtan connoting ‘sensuousness and pleasure loving'. She is a rare combination of beauty, grace and intelligence. There is a certain ease and spontaneity with which she carries herself and caters to the need of the people in Rajlakshmi's household. She is a traditional woman in the sense that she is well accomplished in household arts and has the attributes associated with womanhood such as selfless devotion and sacrificial spirit. The process of self realisation in Binodini follows a sequential pattern. She moves from a traditional acceptance of her fate as a widow to a realisation of her need to arise out of this blind acceptance and reaffirm her identity in society. Being an educated woman, her feelings and her outlook to life are characterised by a spirit of modernism. Binodini believes that the only person responsible for her being a young widow was Mahendra who rejected her as his bride even without seeing her. Overcome by a sense of vengeance, she resolves to avenge her humiliation by ensnaring Mahendra in her web of seduction. It is her consuming passion that lends a remarkable human touch to her personality and makes her self-effacement, more significant. The second stage in Binodini's progression is when her insight and intellect come into play. She does not reciprocate the love shown to her by Mahendra as she believes that he is a selfish man who loves neither his wife nor her but only himself. She replies contemptuously to a letter written by the Mahendra: I have no right to love or be loved in this world. That is why I play at love to lighten my sorrow†¦.I implore you again and again, please give me up, do not pester me, do not put me to shame with your shamelessness†¦You may shout and cry, but from me you will get no response whatsoever. (147) As soon as she realizes that this love game is killing her inner self, she decides to leave Mahendra's house emphasizing her power as decision maker.

History of U.S. Presidents essays

History of U.S. Presidents essays All together, to date, there has been 42 Presidents. There seemed to be three main eras of presidency: forming our country, perfecting the way we run it, and advancing ourselves, globally and nationally. It all began with George Washington. He is considered to be the founding father of our nation by many people. He was born in 1732 in Virginia, and died in 1799. He was 56 years old when elected in 1789. At first, George was reluctant to take on the task of being President. Before he left for his inauguration, he wrote, About ten oclock I bade adieu to Mt. Vernon, to private life, and to domestic felicity, and with a mind oppressed with more anxious and painful sensations than I care to express, set out for New York. With this statement, Washington is saying that he knows it will be a hard road to travel, and that he will no longer be able to enjoy the right to secrecy, that all he does will be known, yet he still took the job. Washington took the oath of office on April 30th, 1789. Before being a president, he had been a plantation manager and a soldier. He had no real experience in government. Early in Washingtons Presidency, he was careful and deliberate in his actions, and was aware for the need to build a structure that would help future presidents. At the end of his first term, he was reelected in 1792. During the war between England and France, Washington chose to be neutral to the matter. Washington left office in 1797, when John Adams took over. This begins the first stage of my report, forming our country. To form our country, we first needed a strong economy, and to do that, we needed a good financial system. When Washington left office, this was already well in place. During Adams presidency, he had many problems with international relationships. The French/British war was still going on, and America was being pulled between sides. Unfortunately, being ...

IRAC Method of Legal Writing Definition and Examples

IRAC Method of Legal Writing Definition and Examples IRAC is an  acronym for issue, rule (or relevant law), application (or analysis), and conclusion: a method used in composing certain legal documents and reports. William H. Putman describes IRAC as a structured approach to problem-solving. The IRAC format, when followed in the preparation of a legal memorandum, helps ensure the clear communication of the complex subject matter of legal issue analysis. (Legal Research and Analysis Writing. 2010) Pronunciation I-rak Examples and Observations of the IRAC Method IRAC is not a mechanical formula, but simply a common sense approach to analyzing a legal issue. Before a student can analyze a legal issue, of course, they have to know what the issue is. Thus, logically, step one in the IRAC methodology is to identify the issue (I). Step two is to state the relevant rule(s) of law that will apply in resolving the issue (R). Step three is to apply those rules to the facts of the question- that is, to analyze the issue (A). Step four is to offer a conclusion as to the most likely result (C). (Andrew McClurg,  1L of a Ride: A Well-Traveled Professors Roadmap to Success in the First Year of Law School, 2nd ed. West Academic Publishing, 2013) Sample IRAC Paragraph (I) Whether a bailment for the mutual benefit of Rough Touch and Howard existed. (R) A pawn is a form of bailment, made for the mutual benefit of bailee and bailor, arising when goods are delivered to another as a pawn for security to him on money borrowed by the bailor. Jacobs v. Grossman, 141 N.E. 714, 715 (III. App.Ct. 1923). In Jacobs, the court found that a bailment for mutual benefit did arise because the plaintiff pawned a ring as collateral for a $70 loan given to him by the defendant. Id. (A) In our problem, Howard pawned her ring as collateral to secure an $800 loan given to her by Rough Tough. (C) Therefore, Howard and Rough Tough probably created a bailment for mutual benefit. (Hope Viner Samborn and Andrea B. Yelin, Basic Legal Writing for Paralegals, 3rd ed. Aspen, 2010)When faced with a fairly simple legal problem, all the IRAC elements may fit into a single paragraph. At other times you may want to divide the IRAC elements. For example, you might wish to set out th e issue and the rule of law in one paragraph, the analysis for the plaintiff in a second paragraph, and the analysis for the defendant and your conclusion in a third paragraph, and the transitional phrase or sentence in the first sentence of yet a fourth paragraph. (Katherine A. Currier and Thomas E. Eimermann, Introduction to Paralegal Studies: A Critical Thinking Approach, 4th ed. Asen, 2010) The Relationship Between IRAC and Court Opinions IRAC stands for the components of legal analysis: issue, rule, application, and conclusion. What is the relationship between IRAC (or its variations...) and a court opinion? Judges certainly provide legal analysis in their opinions. Do the judges follow IRAC? Yes, they do, although often in highly stylized formats. In almost every court opinion, judges: - identify the legal issues to be resolved (the I of IRAC); - interpret statutes and other rules (the R of IRAC); - provide reasons why the rules do or do not apply to the facts (the A of IRAC); and - conclude by answering the legal issues through holdings and a disposition (the C of IRAC). Each issue in the opinion goes through this process. A judge may not use all of the language of IRAC, may use different versions of IRAC, and may discuss the components of IRAC in a different order. Yet IRAC is the heart of the opinion. It is what opinions do: they apply rules to facts to resolve legal issues.(William P. Statsky, Essentials of Paralegalism, 5th ed. Delmar, 2010) Alternative Format: CREAC The IRAC formula... envisions a time-pressured exam answer... But whats rewarded in law-school exams tends not to be rewarded in real-life writing. So the coveted IRAC mantra ... will produce mediocre to worse results in memo-writing and brief-writing. Why? Because if you were to write a one-issue memo using the IRAC organization, you wouldnt reach the conclusion- the answer to the issue- until the end... Knowing this, some legal-writing professors recommend another strategy for writing you do after law school. They call it CREAC, which stands for conclusion-rule-elaboration-application (of the rule to the facts)-conclusion (restated). Although youd probably be penalized for that organizational strategy on most law exams, its actually superior to IRAC for other types of writing. But it, too, has a serious shortcoming: Because it doesnt really pose an issue, it presents a conclusion to an unknown problem. ï » ¿(Bryan A. Garner, Garner on Language and Writing. American Bar Association, 2009)

See below Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

See below - Essay Example The capillaries play an important role in healing a wound. The four overlapping phases are used to explain the healing process. This is a systematic phenomenon. The four phases include homeostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and maturation. Homeostasis is a process which involves the platelets to form clots. Furthermore, the inflammatory cells deride injured tissue during the inflammatory phase. Epithelialization, fibroplasia, and angiogenesis occur during the proliferative phase (Romo III, n.d). The hemorrhage caused by disruption in the blood vessels is controlled by clot formation which contains fibrin mesh with aggregated platelets embedded in it. Fibrin is the end product of coagulation pathway which causes homeostasis to take place. It provides a scaffold for the migration of inflammatory and mesenchymal cells (Wound Healing, n.d). Platelet aggregation leads to release of cytokines. These cytokines influence wound healing either directly or indirectly. The processes of clot f ormation and platelet aggregation halt when stimuli for clot formation fritter away. Lysis of clot starts along with clot formation and is mediated by plasminogen activator. This activator converts plasminogen to plasmin (Wound Healing, n.d). The second phase is called inflammation. It starts when the tissue trauma stimulates the inflammatory response. â€Å"Immediately after injury intense local vasoconstriction occurs, mediated by circulating catecholeamines and prostaglandins released by injured cells. This is followed by vasodilatation and increased capillary permeability resulting in local edema. This is mediated by histamine, kinins, prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and endothelial cell products† (Wound Healing, n.d). The tissue does not observe presence of any leukocytes as yet. The wounded tissues contain neutrophils which hare the first leukocytes to appear in the wounded tissues. They phagocytose damaged tissue or bacteria. Neutrophils themselves are phagocytosed by ma crophages (Wound Healing, n.d). There are a few symptoms observed when the wound is healing because of the physiological changes. The pH change is observed because of the breakdown of tissues and bacteria which also causes pain. This also results in swelling and decreased tissue oxygenation due to disruption of blood vessels (Wound Healing n.d). Furthermore, the white blood cells namely monocytes and lymphocytes start performing their functions in the healing process. Monocytes turn into macrophages when these white blood cells migrate from capillaries into extra vascular space. Macrocytes phagocytose bacteria and tissue debris and secrete enzymes called collagenase and elastase, which are responsible for breaking down damaged matrix (Wound Healing, n.d). Lymphocytes produce various factors like HB-EGF (Heparin binding epidermal growth factor) and basic fibroblast growth factor. Adding on to this, they are also involved in cellular and humoral immunity. Neutrophilis dominate for the initial 24-48 but 48-72 hours later they are outnumbered by macrophages which persist for a few days. However, after 5-7 days fibroblasts are the principal cell type (Wound Healing, n.d). The third phase called proliferation constitutes epithelialization, fibroplasias and angiogenesis. Epithelialization is the â€Å"process of covering a denuded surface with epithelium† (Medical Dictionary, n.d). Fibroplasia is another part of the proliferative phase. It

Diversity Leadership in IHRM Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Diversity Leadership in IHRM - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that diversity is often referred to as the differences between the individuals. The dissimilarities among individuals materialize in both nonvisible and visible aspects. Some of the key examples of diversity among the individuals are dissimilarities in gender, age, skills, sexual preferences, learning styles, tenure, etc. These differences are evident the workplace but at times the differences are not visible. â€Å"Excellence through diversity is one of the Chancellor's goals†, yet this term is often faced confusion, controversy, and tension. Regarding this aspect, scholars such as Griffin emphasizes managing diversity in the firm offers various advantages and the most common one emerges in the form of catering to the diversified base of customers. However, contradicting this statement another set of scholars such as Inyang and Akpama and Kiggundu believes that although managing a diverse workforce provide benefits to a firm, but it requires strong management and failure to which can lead to intergroup conflicts. Hence, it is obvious that firms planning to recruit diverse employee group must a good frame management system. In this rapidly changing workplace environment, maintaining a diverse workforce helps a company to remain competitive in the marketplace. Scholars such as Inyang emphasizes that diversity not only brings fresh perspectives to the company but also promotes innovation and equips the company with the ability to solve complex problems. Furthermore, having a diverse workforce also allows a firm to have an efficient workforce, which is a necessity in this diverse business setting. Executives who are having intercultural management skills have high demand as they have the ability to constantly adapt to this shifting trend of a marketplace.

The Effect Of An Independent Exercise Program Essay

The Effect Of An Independent Exercise Program - Essay Example In the development of various exercise programs for treating the patients with bronchiectasis it is important to have enough knowledge as for the means of airway clearance methods, their effectiveness and outcomes. There has been made profound research a for the effects and effectiveness of such methods, and it is necessary to discuss them in general and especially concentrate on the PEP method. Abundant research has supported the central role and importance of the retained secretions in initiating the bronchiectatic process. Bronchiectasis is characterized by the effect of mucus hypersecretion, and it is the display of the disease destructive effect. If the secretions are not cleared from the airways, they will nurture the organisms, which in their turn become the reason of chronic inflammation, and support the high level of various toxic byproducts in the lungs of patients. Mucus also serves the means of transporting the chemical products, which seriously damage the lung defense system. In case the patient is diagnosed having excessive amount of mucus in his lungs, there is a threat that the clearance mechanism will be destroyed as well as further promotion of bronchiectasis will be promoted. However, certain researches have been devoted to the evaluation of effectiveness in relation to different airway clearance methods. It is necessary to understand that with the development of new approaches to the bronchiectasis treatment the central role will be devoted to prevention or earlier intervention of the disease, and the excessive use of antibiotics should become the means of emergency rescue means in the most serious cases. The airway clearance therapy should be thoroughly developed and should carry aggressive character, no matter which method exactly is chosen. Any method of airway clearance will enhance the clearance of thick mucus. Airway clearance techniques are divided into several methods and are represented as follows: Mechanical percussion; Positive expiratory pressure; Vibratory positive expiratory pressure; Intrapulmonary percussive ventilation; Etc. Positive expiratory pressure (PEP) or expiratory resistance for COPD promotes the clearance of mucus and the collateral ventilation disease. PEP works through pushing air into the lungs, keeping them open all the time. Through the use of PEP the person breathes in normally, but breathing out is made as if through resistance. The PEP device is usually used with a mask; it is noted that it can also adapted for the delivery of bronchodilators. Shelton (2004) notes, that it is effective without the need for using the postiral drainage, and of course in case it is performed incorrectly, it proves itself to be absolutely ineffective, though this may be said in relation to any other airway clearance techniques. The systematic review of the literature, related with the use and various researches in the area of PEP devices, has been made by Elkins et al. (2004), however, the bigger portion of the studies, found by author, have been considered by him to e of low quality. He has used twenty stu dies in his research, which included 430 participants. According to the literary research, it has been indicated that forced expiratory volume in 1 second was the most common

Media Influence on Anorexia in Adolescent Girls

Media Influence on Anorexia in Adolescent Girls Katrina Cooper Table of Contents (Jump to) Rationale Aims and objectives Methodology Context Literature review How are adolescent girls being affected by fashion magazines and the media? Anorexia†¦Encouraged by Pro Anna website? Conclusion Bibliography Rationale A literature review is needed to analyse the reasons there is an increase in adolescent girls developing Anorexia Nervosa. A high number of girls are feeling pressured to diet to manage their weight. Social influences are affecting girls from believing the idea that women in fashion magazines, models and the media have the perfect body. This ideology can cause extreme dieting which can therefore develop into an eating disorder such as anorexia. Adolescent girls are being made to feel insecure about their bodies because of the way in which the media portrays underweight women with the image of the ideal body. Anorexia is a major concern for adolescent girls, with pressures from school, home and peers to remain at a healthy weight. It is difficult for girls to remain in control of their lives and can then lead on to extreme outcomes such as mortality or long term health problems. Aims and objectives To discuss in what ways the media influences girls into the idea of the ‘perfect body shape’. To discuss: Magazines Fashion Social media and internet access (Pro Anna website)   Methodology A literature review on the impact of social influences and the media has on adolescent girls of engaging in extreme dieting which can then lead to an eating disorder such as Anorexia Nervosa. Multiple studies agree that the media has an influence on adolescent girls. However; there is not enough research to declare social influences as the prime cause for young girls for developing anorexia. Numerous studies agree with the media being a cause for concern but research suggests that there are numerous other factors to take into consideration such as biological, developmental, behavioural and sociocultural. It is crucial to consider ethical considerations when taking part in research for a literature review to ensure all the information is accurately interpreted. If the research is not interpreted correctly it can create an unfair literature review. Context Anorexia Nervosa is a mental disorder which starts with an individual dieting and then leads on to unhealthy psychological thoughts about their bodies and weight. This can cause extreme weight loss and the irrational belief that the person is overweight. Individuals diagnosed with Anorexia have obsessive thoughts on restricting food, their calorie intake and food recipes. Studies suggest adolescents are most likely to develop an eating disorder because they struggle to deal with the developmental process that takes place just before or after puberty. Individuals concentrate on becoming thin for their own belief it will help with their personal identity. Studies have found that over the past 50 years there has been an increase in adolescent girls who have developed an eating disorder. The prevalence rate for young girls from ages 15-19 year olds who have developed anorexia nervosa has increased by 0.48%. There’s little information on the reasons adolescent girls have concerns about their weight and body issues. However, many researchers suggest the main reason is the media and the role it plays in portraying an ideal weight regarding pressures on young girls to remain thin. According to York (2012) there was an increase in people being admitted to hospital with an eating disorder. The admissions increased from 16% from the year before resulting in 2,228 in patients being treated for an eating disorder. The most major increase was from 10 to 15 year old girls, the prevalence rate increased from the year before by 69%. Similarly, it was recorded that 1 in 10 of all hospital admissions was girls aged 15 years old. How are adolescent girls being affected by fashion models and the media? Fashion models promote an unhealthy weight, The study of Katzmarzyk and Davis (1978 and 1998) studied models for two decades, results found models decreased their body weight. The study found that 70% of models were underweight, while 75% of women models were less than 85% of their ideal body weight. Similarly, Tiggemann studied 16 year old girls to find out the reasons for young girls concerns on weight and body dissatisfaction. Tiggemann found that the biggest reason that influences girls to lose weight is the media. However, he explained that the 16 year old girls are increasingly aware of the media influences and the self-image portrayal. The media such as magazines, television advertisements, music videos emphasise that female’s appearance is thoroughly important. This encourages adolescents to believe that self-worth is connected with appearance. Underweight fashion models create a negative impact upon themselves by looking unhealthy, stretched and physically disordered. Airbrushing in the media further emphasises impractical unrealistic expectations on young adolescent girls in society. In western society, young girl’s self-esteem deteriorates significantly during the adolescent stage. This increases the risk of young girls being extremely vulnerable and to feel dissatisfied with their weight. A study in the UK analysed 136 participant girls aged 11 to 16 year olds to find out if magazine images of underweight models or average weight models caused insecurities in young girls self-esteem. All of the young girls agreed it did cause insecurities and self-esteem issues. A study has confirmed 50% of young girls read fashion magazines between the ages of 11- 15 year old. Additionally, adolescents are being affected by the media because young girls see fashion models as a body to aspire for and admire them as a role model. This influences young girls to diet; in some cases this could have a negative impact on an adolescent girl and her associatiation with her body. Medical researchers are disturbed how the thin body from fashion models are becoming a stimulant to anorexia in adolescent girls. The fashion models bodies are being used as an influential cultural icon in society and fashion models are dangerously thin. Fashion models have an immense impact on young girls and how they begin to view their bodies in a negative way. The fashion models body creates a risk and danger to young girls because young girls think it is effective to aim to imitate the fashion model. This influences the behaviour habits associated with anorexia such as reducing eating habits and exercising more. Similarly, the university of west of England organised a survey involving 810 young participants. The survey concentrated on the media and images in magazine that promote ‘the perfect body’. Over half of the adolescent girls knew of other girls in their school who presently have body troubles. Apparently 25.4% of young girls compare their bodies to celebrities or people in the media and 35.2% of young girls want to look similar to models in magazines. Half of adolescent girls have been on a diet to lose weight and 15% of young girls would take diet pills if they were willing to lose weight. The age groups for individuals with anorexia In western society, people are taught that diets make them more content in their life. The media sends out messages that to be happy in life you have to be thin and there is comparison between realistic views on the body to thin models, average and underweight celebrities. Society wants individuals to look a certain way and being overweight has become unacceptable in western society. In addition, adolescent girls can attempt suicide because of the psychological effects of trying to achieve the ideal body promoted by fashion models. Recovering from anorexia can be difficult and may produce long term effects. Anorexia can have great effects on a young girls life with long term unemployment, parenting, fertility and relationship problems. It is not uncommon for young girls to be depressed with Anorexia. An individual’s eating disorder can have an impact in all aspects of the young girl’s life, in particular the family. Members of the family may find it difficult to approach and support someone with an eating disorder. Influence of Pro-Anorexia Websites The Pro- anorexia websites started appearing on the internet in 1994 and was initially created for individuals with Anorexia. The websites were used as a forum in which other people with the eating disorder could give online support to one another. However, research suggests individuals with the eating disorder are using the website as a way to stay thin, with groups of individuals encouraging one another to stay thin or lose more weight. There is a great concern for adolescents using anti recovery techniques on the Pro Anna website forum. Almost 49% of young adults internationally have access to the internet, exposing young people to damaging websites. The pro Anna website is described for promoting an eating disorder as a lifestyle choice and not as a medical condition. The content on such websites are influencing and giving adolescents ideas on starving themselves. There is a big concern on adolescents being able to access these websites and medical professionals should be aware of the harmful content on the Pro Anna website. Patients should be advised to seek accurate advice and support if willing to view information from the internet. However, more research is needed to be able to stop adolescents from accessing these dangerous websites. On the other hand, there are some positive roles for the Pro Anna website it can strengthen values for individuals and feel they are able to belong in a group. If the forum is used correctly by people with anorexia nervosa, individuals could share similar experiences, can give one another support and encourage each other to eat. The forum does encourage people with Anorexia to tell family, friends and doctors about their eating disorder. However, individuals on the website suggest that others with anorexia should not reveal too much too families and others as they believe people who do not have the eating disorder do not understand. A study of the Pro Anna websites reported that out of 182 families only 27% of parents discussed the Pro Anna website subject with their children. Similarly, only 52% of parents encountered and were aware of the Pro Anna websites. On the other hand, 35% of patients admitted using the Pro Anna websites, on average for at least 2.8 hours a week, with some patients using the website for up to 20 hours a week. The media has increasingly become aware of the effects of the Pro Anna website and are emphasising the necessary precautions parent should pursue in order to prevent their children from visiting the Pro Anna websites. However, the websites should not be unnecessarily advertised or promoted to children. Children should not be aware of the Pro Anna websites existence as this may cause unnecessary harm. In addition, children should be educated to critically analyse images in the media in case children do come across harmful content while accessing the internet. Conclusion The media has a great impact on adolescent girls from developing anorexia. The media is promoting unhealthily thin models and adolescents witness these images as adolescent girls read magazines regularly. This then causes self-esteem issues because adolescents are at a vulnerable age. It then can lead on to serious weight loss and dramatic outcomes. The age has decreased in adolescent girls at one point it was 16-19 year olds, but now it is affecting 11 to 16 year olds. The concern is high for adolescent girls gaining the opportunity of internet access to damaging websites which could further damage a person’s health. However, more research is needed to determine if social influences are the main cause for adolescent girls developing anorexia. Individuals should be aware there are many other causes other than social influences such as behaviour and biology. There are a number of factors that are necessary to take into consideration when diagnosing an adolescent girl with anore xia nervosa. There is not enough research to use one issue to be the responsibility of the eating disorder. 1

The Destruction of Female Possession in The English Patient Essay

In Michael Ondaatje’s The English Patient we see a world completely ravaged by war. The land itself is damaged, sometimes beyond recognition as it is torn apart by bombs. Just as these human-made structures have faced the damage of imperialism, so have female bodies in the novel. Ondaatje creates several parallels between man’s attempt to â€Å"own† the land around him and his â€Å"ownership† of the female body. As we see in the novel, this attempt at ownership almost always ends in destruction, â€Å"war,† and often, death. What I believe Ondaatje is trying to present to us is the impossibility of â€Å"owning† something that should ultimately be free, such as the female body (or any body, for that matter.) Though some feminist theorists such as Lilijana Burcar have claimed Ondaatje’s novel perpetuates the idea of male ownership of female bodies, I believe we see several examples of female empowerment hidden throughout th e novel; examples of females outwardly rejecting such â€Å"ownership,† as Hanna refuses to be seen as a sexual object by Carravagio, and even changes her appearance to â€Å"defeminize† herself. We even see gender-roles reverse. The â€Å"male gaze† seems to apply not only to males, but to females as well as Hanna views the sapper, Kip, in a â€Å"feminized† and often â€Å"sexual† way. Most striking of all, however, is Ondaatje’s representation of the character Katharine as an almost voiceless physical body which is undoubtedly â€Å"owned† and consumed by Almasy’s desire. As we see, this â€Å"ownership† leads to what is arguably the biggest destruction in the novel: the destruction of both Katharine and Almasy altogether. Before focusing on the most extreme example of male ownership that is Almasy’s ownership of Katharine, I want to first exa... ...vere gender-divide that is only normally present in same-sex relationships. This along with Hana’s appreciation for her own body and sexuality show readers a new type of relationship. In this way, I feel Ondaatje’s novel is progressive and reflects several feminist values and ideals, though they are often hidden just below the surface. Works Cited Burcar, Lilijana. â€Å"Mapping the Woman’s Body in Ondaatje’s The English Patient† Postcolonialweb.org Bordo, S. 1993. "Feminism, Foucault, and the Politics of the Body." In C. Ramazanoglu, (Ed.): Up Against Foucault. Explorations of some Tensions between Foucault and Feminism. London and New York: Routledge.181 -202. Butler, J. 1990. Gender Trouble. Feminism and the Subversion of Identity. London and New York: Routledge. Suleri, Sara. The Rhetoric of English India. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992.

Cruddy by Lynda Barry

Lynda Barry has provided a thoughtful, interesting, and provocative novel about Roberta Rohbeson featuring, on the surface, two diverse, but related story lines. The first is the story of Roberta as a sixteen-year-old girl and details what happened to her to cause her to be grounded for a year for dropping two hits of acid in September of 1971. It is Roberta who gives the book its name. While grounded in her room she begins to write in her diary with an ominous note of her intended suicide, â€Å"I planned this way before the drugs were a part of my life. . . .It was my idea to kill myself† (Barry two pagers before 1). This plot thread is interwoven with a more detailed sinister thread that took place five years earlier when Roberta's parents separated and, at her mother's insistence, Roberta hide in the back of her father's car and accompanied â€Å"the Father,† as she calls him, on a bloody, murderous, cross-country spree fueled by the near constant drinking by her al coholic father. The spree ended with her father as the prime suspect in the Lucky Chief Motel Massacre and with Roberta walking through the Nevada while covered with blood (Barry).It is unclear however whether either of the plot threads actually occurred within the world of the novel or whether they are the imaginings or hallucinations of a teenage girl being punished for misbehaving. Unlike many books that deal with teenage angst by portraying the protagonist as a person with a â€Å"woe is me† attitude, Cruddy distinguishes itself by not falling victim to this self-indulgent trap. Roberta is detached from her family. Like the impersonal description of her father as â€Å"the father,† Roberta's mother is called simply â€Å"the mother.† Roberta views her younger half-sister Julie with the usual contempt of teenagers who are forced to share a bedroom. Roberta has a matter of fact attitude toward the events in her life and blames no one for her actions. She remem bers and acts upon some of the philosophical aphorisms her father espouses. â€Å"DO NOT HESITATE. NEVER, NEVER HESITATE† and L. L. S. S. , (loose lips sink ships) (Barry 30, 99). The book features a large number of charcoal drawings that illustrate the accompanying text. These pictures provide the reader with the best physical description of the father.Page 22 features a portrait of a hard looking man with deep-set eyes and a cigarette drooping reminiscent of Humphrey Bogart. The picture reveals an independent man who will brook nonsense from no one and will not hesitate to use violence should the need or opportunity arise. The father's face reveals no compassion for anyone, not even his daughter Roberta whom he calls Clyde. Ostensibly the alcohol binge and crime spree of the father starts at the time of the separation of Roberta's parents.When the father discovers that Julie, the younger sister, is not his, but the child of his wife's boss he snaps because of the stress cau sed by the discovery. Combined with the apparent suicide of his father known as Old Dad, it was more than he could bear. The newspapers covering the story of the murders alleged that the father stole Roberta in the middle of the night and left a note threatening to kill Roberta if the mother calls the police or tried to find them (Barry 23). According to Roberta this is largely a fiction put on by her mother to get her picture in the paper.The real story is the mother made Roberta hide in the car and accompany her father. At the novel's beginning the father was due to inherit the family business, a well-known local meatpacking plant where he worked as a butcher and had developed a good reputation locally. Instead of leaving the business to his son Old Dad sold it â€Å"out from under† the father and left him unemployed and without funds. Allegedly Old Dad placed the money into three Samsonite suitcases none of which he gave to the father. Then Old Dad hanged himself in the me at cooler.He believes his father, Old Dad, has cheated him and that he is just getting back what was his by natural right. Allegedly much of the father's motivation lies in hopes of recovering the suitcases and the supposed money in them. However, it is difficult to determine if there is any truth at all to the story of the three suitcases of money. Supposedly the meatpacking plant was heavily mortgaged and selling the plant was necessary to pay the debts, â€Å"at least I'm not leaving you in the hole,† said Old Dad.If this were the case one would expect him to open the suitcases as he found them and make use of the money, but he does not do this. When he finds the first suitcase he merely holds it up and says, â€Å"not a scratch on it . . . It's Samsonite! We could do a [bleep] commercial† (Barry 25-38). This peculiar behavior calls into question whether this plot thread ever existed. Nonetheless with this theoretical motivation the father packs his butcher knives a nd leaves his wife. Blood has played an important role in the father's life.Although he spent time in the Navy, being a butcher was his work as a butcher that he believed that he would achieve success. He takes pride in the work he does and has hopes of challenging even the big packinghouses and that stores were going to come back and buy their meet from Rohbeson's Slaughter House (Barry 25). At the end of a workday he and his clothes were often covered with blood. He is devoted to his knives and goes so far as to name them. Little Debbie is his favorite and he gives it to Roberta to protect herself. The nature of the father's profession was inherently violent.The violence manifests itself throughout the novel. He kills people in a variety of ways including homicide by car and shooting people. When Roberta is injured and receives a small cut on her finger that becomes infected, he casually uses Little Debbie to remove the finger at the knuckle while promising that Roberta â€Å"wou ld not feel a thing: (Barry 198). The name of the combination slaughterhouse, restaurant, and bar where they stay for a time is the Knocking Hammer, presumably a reference to a notorious method of killing beef about to be slaughtered by hitting them in the head with a hammer.The violence in the father's life also occurs in Roberta's world. Shortly after the father amputated her finger Roberta found herself thinking about killing the father and the others who live at Knocking Hammer (Barry 214). Shortly afterwards Roberta uses Little Debbie to cut the throat of the deputy sheriff while he is driving her to the institution where her father has committed her. By the end of the novel Roberta has killed her father by slicing his throat with the knife named Sheila. She also killed the others staying at the Lucky Chief Motel.Roberta has become a serial killer. It is unclear whether or not examining the father helps understand his blood thirst. By the book's end the two plot threads have vi rtually merged and it is no longer clear how much of the events in the novel actually happened. It appears likely that the thread where Roberta gets grounded for dropping acid is true. However, it is less clear the other thread occurred at all. It may be the acid induced hallucinations of Roberta. It may be a story made up to entertain her friend Vicky.Both threads may be the imaginary world of a teenager trying to get back at her parents for grounding her for a year by imagining one of them an unfit mother and the father as a homicidal, alcoholic maniac. The novel works in all of these fashions and leaves the reader unsure just what is what. In any case the world where Roberta lives, whether it is real, imaginary, or the product of drug-induced delusions is a violent one. Works Cited Barry, Lynda. Cruddy: An Illustrated Novel. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1999.

Political divide Essay

If we look at the issue of political divisiveness in the United States with the idea in mind that all politics are local, Mike Gates is probably correct in his assessment that the issue is ignorance and people who are too aware of their own opinions. Former Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O’Connor might agree. Gates is a city council member in the small community of West Linn, Oregon, who did not run for re-election because of what he views as a a growing divide within his own community (2008). His reason, he said, is simple. â€Å"There are just too many people engaging in pure political fantasy. They have accumulated to a point where no one could possibly respond to all the nonsense,† (Gates 2008). In the West Linn case, the issue is one of the government’s ability to provide all the desired services that the city residents are demanding and how exactly the government should fund these services (2008). On a larger scale, this is the same debate that faces the nation as a whole. Many people believe that the United States government should solve all the country’s ills, from global warming and poor economy to the lack of health care. Those who believe that it is the government’s responsibility to assure that all men remain equal and therefore have exactly the same things also believe that to make sure everyone has their needs met, we should take from the rich and give to the poor. On the extreme other side of the coin, we have Americans who believe that a person should take individual responsibility for their own needs and not rely on the government. These people oppose higher taxes to pay for anything. It is a fundamental difference of opinion that has lead to a deeply divided country. This is the divide Gates observes within his community. The people want West Linn to provide more services, but do not want higher property taxes to pay for those services. Complicating the issue is the question of religious freedom versus freedom from religion, as observed by former Associate Justice of the Supreme Court, Sandra Day O’Connor. In a case regarding the inclusion of the word God in the Pledge of Allegiance, O’Connor â€Å"asked whether the school’s pledge policy â€Å"sends a message to nonadherents that they are outsiders, not full members of the political community. And, in concluding that it does not, O’Connor emphasized that the pledge â€Å"has been employed pervasively without engendering significant controversy† and â€Å"caused no political divisiveness prior to the filing of this lawsuit. † (Garnett 2004). The Supreme Court justice tried to argue that a middle of the road approach, where those who disagreed with something simply chose not to participate, was appropriate. Unfortunately, this moderate approach was rejected by people on both sides of the issue. Instead of being happy with a compromise solution, it seems that people are more insistent on getting things their way. â€Å"More and more, our law seems suspicious of those divisions that our Constitution actually protects–that is, the divisions that result when free people contend over difficult questions that matter–yet indifferent to the harm done to religious freedom by demands for the privatization of faith and its segregation from civic life† (Garnett 2004). In this case, the author argued that removing God from the pledge was an imposition on the rights of the religious and the case had clearly claimed that the pledge’s use of â€Å"God† was an imposition on the rights of those with other or non-existent religious beliefs. Garnett and others seem more than willing to argue that the middle ground is not sufficient. All sides of an argument now claim moral superiority and believe that they must be given their way. This unfortunately contributes to a devisiveness from which the country cannot hope to recover.

Literacy Coaching in Modern Education

Literacy Coaching in Modern Education Introduction Literate citizenry is very critical in the economic growth of every country. Currently, the high rate of globalization requires a workforce that is very efficient in communication, reading and solving various problems. As a result, the ability to sustain an economy of every country is dependent on the effectiveness and productivity of its human resource. Effective education is one of the ways through which literacy amongst the citizens can be attained.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Literacy Coaching in Modern Education specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In order for learning institutions to be effective in imparting knowledge to students, they are incorporating valuable learning programs. These programs are mainly intended to enhance adolescent literacy. One of the ways through which adolescent learning process can be improved is through incorporation of literacy coaches (Sturtevant 1). Sturteva nt defines literacy coaches as proficient individuals whose role is to promote achievement of learning objectives in their school districts and secondary schools. Their roles and titles depend on the context of work, teaching and educational experience. Some of roles they play include coaching, teaching and heading reading programs. In addition, they serve as reference in reading and writing for administrators, learning support personnel, teachers and the society. They also provide expertise promotion based on past and latest literature and studies. In addition they collaborate with other professionals to develop and implement reading schemes for single person or groups of students at the same time acting as advocates for students who have difficulties in reading. The role of literacy coaches can be specifically defined. For example, a literacy coach can act as tutor for students facing problems in reading and a coordinator for writing and reading schemes (Rita Deford 3). Based on the views of Cleveland University Heights, literacy coaches act as collaborative consultants to promote K grade 12 teachers. They also serve as providers of essential understanding and particular literacy materials which support the learning process. Literacy coaches can be defined in seven different ways as outlined below (Cleveland University Heights 3). Teachers who have special knowledge, experience and skills in literacy teaching Modelers and communicators of research-linked top practices approaches relevant to literacy teachings Promoters of teachers by analysis Opportunities providers of professional communication and development Initiators of teachers support in relation to district literacy essentials Promoters of assessment associated implementation of the ELA basic curriculum. Interpreters and translators of literacy assessment to guide the development of coaching. Standard for literacy experts, 2010 This standard details the criteria for establishing and assessing pre paration plans for learning professionals. It gives the description of what is acceptable and what is not to reading professions in its context. These standards are based on performance. It also emphasizes on the importance of concentrating on knowledge, disposition and skills which are crucial for effective learning in a particular role. The standard is a product of a deliberative procedure based on professional proficiency and research in the reading area. Standard matrix Each matrix is defined by fundamentals that give particulars of the standards contents and whose evidence may be used to reproduce assignments, activities or assessment of particular preparation schemes. The elements in the verification column in the 2003 standard have been amended to portray development in the literacy field. For instance, with the significance influence of technology in writing and reading directives, it highlights ways through which reading experts can showcase their skill using the new litera cy.Advertising Looking for research paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In addition, the standard portrays increased concern for English students, due to increase of their number in school and progression in knowledge of literacy instruction provision for them. It is important to note that these standards also give indicators and elements that specifically describe the roles the reading professional (International Reading Association 2) Standards are portrayed across all roles in a matrix with roles as columns and standards in rows to enable readers to detect the difference in outcomes among the professional responsibilities. However, standards 2010 list every role separately with complimentary standards to allow readers to search a specific standard alongside its description through out the various roles. Users of standards, 2010 Some of the institutions which utilize these standards include institut ions of higher learning such as colleges and universities. One of the ways through which these standards are utilized includes preparation of programs and promotion of personnel. The personnel who utilize these standards include Reading teachers Administrators Reading teachers Educators Literacy coaches Reading specialists Class reading teachers. The standard is also utilized by these individuals in assessment of the candidates and effectiveness’s of the program. The NCATE utilizes a criterion which is based on this standard in making decisions related to accreditation of literacy coaches otherwise referred to as reading coaches. The International Reading Association is responsible for conducting reviews of literacy coaches for NCATE endorsement. In addition, NCATE employs these standards to update their basic teacher standards relevant to language and reading art (International Reading Association 4). Standards 2010 is applicable in higher education institutions, state dep artments or units to control both professional program effectiveness and student’s reading preparedness. These standards are based on professionalism and reading research that depicts the performance criteria displayed by skilled reading experts. The set of standards guide determines the choice of program content when programming as well as learning activities which prepare students for the prospective roles such as reading specialist. Appropriately, the standard gives a guide for the determination of the amount of courses and semester hours to be included in the plan to support high performance in every expertise role. Effective assessment of candidate can be achieved through its alignment with the reading standards.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Literacy Coaching in Modern Education specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More How, are assessments conducted using these standards? Various points precede the c larification of the procedure for measuring candidate outcome and quality of the program by use of standard 2010. To begin with, the standards and the relevant elements should be the target for evaluation. Therefore, evaluation should measure the content, intellect and outlook reflected by the elements and the evidence which may be used to analyze particular elements. The principles for assessment include; Measurement of the content Competence and disposition projected in the elements Sampling of critical skill and knowledge embedded in the standards Measurement of complex ideas Intelligent reasoning and upper cognitive requirements. Importantly, assessment should correspond to the element of each standard (International Reading Association 43). Conclusion The significance of literacy coaches is increasing in schools across all grades from Kindergarten to grade 12. Since this is a developing profession, there exists fresh excitement concerning possibility of improvement with regar d to literacy instruction and improvement in student achievement. This has resulted from formalization in school guidance. Based on the National Council of Teachers of English (NCTE) and the International Reading Association (IRA), these professionals are undertaking various tasks in schools. They are concerned with assessment of students, instructional planning and coaching (Rita Deford 1). Cleveland Heights. University height city school district browser. Literacy coaches. University Heights, OH: Miramar Boulevard. 2010.Web. International Reading Association. Standards for reading professionals. New York: International Reading Association, 2010.Print. Rita, Bean and Deford, Diane. Do’s and don’ts for literacy coaches advice from field. Literacy South Carolina: Coaching Clearing House, 2009. Print.Advertising Looking for research paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Sturtevant, Elizabeth. The literacy coach: a key to improving teaching and learning in secondary  schools. Merrill: Prentice Hall, 2000. Web.